Kinetics of abiotic and biotic degradability of low-density polyethylene containing prodegradant additives and its effect on the growth of microbial communities

Jakubowicz, Ignacy; Yarahmadi, Nazdaneh; Arthurson, Veronica

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.031

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Several studies have reported significant reduction of both Mn and Mw of poly(ethylene) samples containing pro-degradant additives after thermal degradation [17]. Further studies reported the identification of oxidation products as carboxylic acids, ketones, lactones and low molar mass hydrocarbons [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Rate and extent of free-radical oxidation of polyolefins are also affected by structural parameters such as chain kinks and branching, identified as weak points liable to free radical productions [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies reported the identification of oxidation products as carboxylic acids, ketones, lactones and low molar mass hydrocarbons [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Rate and extent of free-radical oxidation of polyolefins are also affected by structural parameters such as chain kinks and branching, identified as weak points liable to free radical productions [19][20][21][22][23]. However, relatively scarce information on the influence of physical parameters such as natural sunlight exposure as well as the whole biological environmental conditions on the propensity to degradation of PE films, are available [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Whole Environmental Degradation of Oxo-Biodegradable Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Films Designed for Mulching Applications

2012

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The current paper is aimed at understanding the environmental fate of linear low density polyethylenes (LLDPE) films designed for mulching purposes and loaded with different pro-degradant additives. These were analyzed, upon exposure to natural sunlight for a period intended to mimick a general crop season in the mediterranean region. The selected samples underwent a relatively low extent of degradation as monitored by carbonyl index, molecular weight variation, extractability by solvent, changes in the onset of the decomposition temperature and crystallinity. The tendency to biodegradation of outdoor exposed LLDPE was then assessed under different environmental compartments including soil medium, aqueous medium as well as in axenic culture of white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. That fungus is known to be effective in the degradation of recalcitrant organic materials and plastic items. During the soil burial biodegradation test, lasted for 27 months, samples specimen were withdrawn at time intervals and characterized by means of structural and thermal analysis. These analytical assessments allowed to monitor any progress of oxidative degradation as a direct effect of the incubation in an active microbial environment. Analogous characterizations were carried out at the end of the biodegradation tests in aqueous medium and in P. chrysosporium axenic cultures. Data presented here are in keeping with the initial abiotic oxidation via a free radical chain reaction promoted by a prodegradant additive acting on hydroperoxides and peroxide moieties present initially in the polymer bulk. This step was followed by a free radical cascade reactions leading to degradation once the oxidation started under relatively mild conditions (sunlight exposure). During the incubation step in soil, the abiotically degraded samples underwent significant variation in the level of oxidation and degradation with respect to the detected starting values. Indications were gained on the synergistic effect of a random fashion microbial metabolization coupled to biotically mediated oxidation of the original abiotically fragmented samples. Similar results were obtained in the biodegradation tests carried out in the aqueous media and in presence of P. chrysosporium axenic cultures. These evidences are suggesting the role of natural occurring microorganisms in promoting both partial oxiditation and degradation of LLDPE samples in combination with contextual mineralization process of the oxidized fragments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Whole Environmental Degradation of Oxo-Biodegradable Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Films Designed for Mulching Applications

2012

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“…than that of the pure sample, indicating that the stabilizer effectively weakened the molecular degradation of PA6 during aging. [24] Variations in the aging time of the chemical structure (the end carboxylic acids and end amine groups) of pure and stabilized PA6 with aging time at 90 C/100% RH is determined by the titration method, are shown in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Molecular Structure Of Pa6 During Hydrothermal Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9. These data were then used to draw appropriate Arrhenius curves [24] using Eq. (9) lnt D E a RT C B;…”

Section: Lifetime Prediction Of Pa6 In Hydrothermal Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Hydrothermal Aging Behavior and Life-Time Prediction of Polyamide 6

Gao

2015

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B

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The long-term hydrothermal aging behavior of polyamide 6 (PA6), with and without stabilizers at 100% relative humidity/90 C was studied. It was found that the first stage of aging was the Fickian process and corresponded to the physical absorption of water until equilibrium, resulting in slight change of reduced viscosity and chemical structure of the sample of PA6. The second stage of aging was the initiation process of hydrolytic degradation of PA6, which resulted in a decrease of reduced viscosity and increase of end group content. In the final stage of aging, the relative weight gain (W r ) dropped, the reduced viscosity decreased monotonically, and end groups increased continuously, resulting from the hydrolysis of amido links and molecular degradation of PA6. The presence of four types of stabilizers effectively weakened the oxidation reaction and resulting molecular degradation of PA6 during aging. The lifetime of PA6 in a hydrothermal environment was predicted through a method based on the Arrhenius model by considering both temperature and humidity as environmental factors, and, furthermore, was predicted through the time-temperature superposition method.

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“…Por outro lado, o produto fabricado com o polímero, o qual se destina à biodegradação, precisa cumprir um período de utilização dentro de seu ciclo de vida e, para isto, deve garantir um tempo de vida útil antes que a degradação abiótica comprometa suas propriedades [6,7,16] . mecânicas e através da cinética da termooxidação é possível prever a durabilidade do produto, relativo a uma determinada propriedade mecânica, como, por exemplo, através do acompanhamento da % de alongamento na ruptura [20,36] . O equilíbrio entre degradação abiótica oxidativa e desempenho mecânico durante a vida útil pode ser administrado através da quantidade e tipo de agente pró-degradante e/ou estabilizante utilizados na formulação do material polimérico [37,38] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação de sistemas pró-degradantes na degradação termooxidativa do PEAD

2015

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ResumoSistemas pró-degradantes fundamentados em estearatos de ferro e de manganês e o aditivo comercial d2w, fundamentado em sal orgânico de manganês, foram avaliados em filmes de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) em ambiente termooxidativo (estufa a 80 °C e ausência de luz). A degradação termooxidativa foi monitorada por propriedades mecânicas, espectroscopia de infravermelho e cromatografia por exclusão de tamanho. Os resultados mostram que ambos os metais aceleram a degradação termooxidativa do PEAD. Entretanto, o desempenho pró-degradante do estearato de manganês é significativamente superior ao do estearato de ferro. Para o ferro, a degradação aumenta com o aumento da concentração do metal, enquanto que o manganês apresenta valor máximo de degradação em função da concentração. O estado de oxidação do ferro não interfere no desempenho pró-degradante. O aditivo comercial d2w TM acelera, significativamente, a termooxidação do PEAD, mas seu desempenho é inferior ao estearato de manganês provavelmente em função do conjunto de estabilizantes adicionados ao produto comercial. Palavras-chave: degradação, PEAD, estearato de ferro, estearato de manganês, pró-degradante. AbstractThe evaluation of pro-degradant systems based on iron and manganese in the form of metallic stearate, and d2w TM commercial additive, based on organic salt of manganese, was carried out on films of high density polyethylene (HDPE) in thermal oxidative conditions (80 °C oven and absence of light). The thermo oxidative degradation was monitored by mechanical properties, by infrared spectroscopy and by size exclusion cromatography. The results show that both metals accelerate thermal oxidative degradation of HDPE. However, the pro-degrading performance of manganese is significantly higher than iron. Considering iron, the degradation increases with increasing concentration of the metal, while manganese presents the maximum value of degradation depending on the concentration. The oxidation state of iron does not interfere with pro-degrading performance. The commercial additive d2w TM significantly accelerates HDPE thermo-oxidation, but its performance is lower than manganese stearate as a function of the set of stabilizing additives to be added to the commercial product.

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Kinetics of abiotic and biotic degradability of low-density polyethylene containing prodegradant additives and its effect on the growth of microbial communities

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of the Whole Environmental Degradation of Oxo-Biodegradable Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Films Designed for Mulching Applications

Assessment of the Whole Environmental Degradation of Oxo-Biodegradable Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Films Designed for Mulching Applications

Long-Term Hydrothermal Aging Behavior and Life-Time Prediction of Polyamide 6

Avaliação de sistemas pró-degradantes na degradação termooxidativa do PEAD

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