Kinetics and mechanism of the biodegradation of PLA/clay nanocomposites during thermophilic phase of composting process

Stloukal, Petr; Pekařová, Silvie; Kalendová, Alena; Mattausch, Hannelore; Laske, Stephan; Holzer, Clemens; Chitu, L.; Bodner, Sabine C.; Maier, G.; Šlouf, Miroslav; Koutný, Marek

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.006

Cited by 96 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Such studies have been primarily conducted on different biodegradable polymers representing potential food packaging materials containing a variety of ENMs (e.g., clays, silver, cellulose), with a concentration on poly(lactic acid) bio-nanocomposites (e.g., Bitinis et al 2013;Fortunati et al 2014;Fukushima et al 2009). Results from these studies suggest that ENM presence does not negatively influence bio-nanocomposite degradation/disintegration processes and, in some instances, enhances such processes (e.g., Abreu et al 2015;Balaguer et al 2016;Maiti et al 2007;Ramos et al 2014;Ray et al 2003a;Ray et al 2003b;Stloukal et al 2015). Similar results from the composting of nano-fiber reinforced bio-copolyester composites have been reported (Maiti et al 2012).…”

Section: Potential Enm Fate and Transformation During Aerobic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the fate of engineered nanomaterials in municipal solid waste streams

et al. 2018

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Significant knowledge and data gaps associated with the fate of product-embedded engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in waste management processes exist that limit our current ability to develop appropriate end-of-life management strategies. This review paper was developed as part of the activities of the IWWG ENMs in Waste Task Group. The specific objectives of this review paper are to assess the current knowledge associated with the fate of ENMs in commonly used waste management processes, including key processes and mechanisms associated with ENM fate and transport in each waste management process, and to use that information to identify the data gaps and research needs in this area. Literature associated with the fate of ENMs in wastes was reviewed and summarized. Overall, results from this literature review indicate a need for continued research in this area. No work has been conducted to quantify ENMs present in discarded materials and an understanding of ENM release from consumer products under conditions representative of those found in relevant waste management process is needed. Results also indicate that significant knowledge gaps associated with ENM behaviour exist for each waste management process investigated. There is a need for additional research investigating the fate of different types of ENMs at larger concentration ranges with different surface chemistries. Understanding how changes in treatment process operation may influence ENM fate is also needed. A series of specific research questions associated with the fate of ENMs during the management of ENM-containing wastes have been identified and used to direct future research in this area.

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Section: Potential Enm Fate and Transformation During Aerobic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the fate of engineered nanomaterials in municipal solid waste streams

et al. 2018

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“…Biodegradation occurs within two weeks by composting together with other biomass, such as compost soil, and the material can entirely disappear within 3–4 weeks. In the early degradation stage, PLA is broken down into LA monomers, where the ester bonds are cleaved hydrolytically . This degradation stage into smaller fragments is a rate limiting step in the processes.…”

Section: Polylactic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites: A review

et al. 2018

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Biopolymer‐based composites have attracted the attention of researchers and industries due to their eco‐friendliness and environmental sustainability, as well as their suitability for a number of applications. Biocomposites containing natural fibers and biopolymers would be the ideal choice in the development of biodegradable materials for different applications. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an environmentally interesting biopolymer, which also has exclusive qualities, such as good transparency and processability, glossy appearance, and high rigidity, although it has some shortcomings as well, for example, its brittleness and high rate of crystallization. PLA‐based natural fiber composites are entirely bio‐based materials with promising biodegradability and mechanical properties. Several research studies have been carried out on PLA and its composites to explore their potential to substitute petroleum‐based products, but until now there is no comprehensive review with up‐to‐date research data available in the literature. The aim of this review is to highlight the trends in the research and development of PLA and PLA‐based natural fiber composites over the past few years. This review article covers current research efforts on the synthesis and biodegradation of PLA, its properties, trends, challenges and prospects in the field of PLA and its composites. PLA‐based composites are moderately abundant; and further research and development is needed for cost reduction and broader utilization. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:446–463, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…In the case of natural polymers like cellulose and starch, the biodegradation process is relatively fast and starts with the depolymerization of the material by the action of microbial extracellular enzymes that reduce the polymer to a size that is water soluble and able to be transported through the cell wall for subsequent assimilation by the microbial metabolic pathways [26,107]. [74,108]. During the first step of PLA degradation, cleavage of ester linkages occurs due to their high susceptibility to water producing a significant reduction in the molecular weight of the polymer [107].…”

Section: Study Case: Biodegradation Of Poly(lactic Acid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on the aerobic biodegradation of polymers by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide in simulated composting conditions

Castro‐Aguirre

Auras

Selke

et al. 2017

Polymer Degradation and Stability

113

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The development of novel biodegradable polymers as a way to create sustainable materials has required the development of methodologies to evaluate and understand their biodegradation. In this work, we first provide a critical summary of selected biodegradation tests performed in the last fifteen years for a number of biodegradable materials, providing relevant information about the materials tested, characteristics of the compost used and the method for testing. Then, we report a comparative analysis of the results obtained from eight different biodegradation tests performed in simulated composting conditions by analysis of evolved CO 2 and carried out in an in-house built direct measurement respirometer. The materials evaluated for biodegradation were cellulose, starch, glycerol, polyethylene, and poly(lactic acid). Our results along with the information provided in the literature allowed us to identify that one of the main issues of biodegradation testing is the low reproducibility due to the number of variables involved in the biodegradation process. It is difficult to provide fair comparisons of samples that are not within the same test. Therefore, we provide a critical overview of the different factors affecting the biodegradability, biodegradation rate, and biodegradation mechanisms of polymeric materials. Furthermore, we share the experiences and insights gained during the performance of the different biodegradation tests, and identify areas of opportunity for improving biodegradation testing through evolved CO 2. This information should create a common knowledge platform for people interested in studying the biodegradation of materials.

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Kinetics and mechanism of the biodegradation of PLA/clay nanocomposites during thermophilic phase of composting process

Cited by 96 publications

References 35 publications

A review of the fate of engineered nanomaterials in municipal solid waste streams

A review of the fate of engineered nanomaterials in municipal solid waste streams

Natural fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites: A review

Insights on the aerobic biodegradation of polymers by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide in simulated composting conditions

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