Kinetics and Heat Exchanger Design for Catalytic Ortho‐Para Hydrogen Conversion during Liquefaction

Donaubauer, Philipp J.; Cardella, U.; Decker, L.; Klein, Harald

doi:10.1002/ceat.201971105

Cited by 27 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…During the liquefaction process, liquid hydrogen will tend to equilibrium showing a spontaneous conversion from o-H 2 to p-H 2 . The conversion is very slow, with heat releasing 523kJ/kg when the hydrogen temperature is below 77K, which is greater than the latent heat of vaporization of liquid hydrogen(443kJ/kg) [7]. The evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen, which interrupts the long-term stable storage, is caused by this spontaneous and slow heat release of unconverted o-H 2 , if no active measure is taken to catalyze the ortho-para hydrogen process and to remove the conversion heat.…”

Section: Hydrogen Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Hydrogen Production, Transportation and Economic Analysis

Zhang¹,

Miao²,

Sun³

et al. 2022

FBEM

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With rapid development of hydrogen energy industry in China, liquid hydrogen transportation mode with high energy storage density has great advantages over the current high-pressure gaseous transportation mode, and will become an important and efficient carrier to realize the large-scale development of hydrogen energy. The high economic efficiency of liquid hydrogen can be better applied to civil market with cost sensitivity. This paper describes the current global liquid hydrogen production capacity and distribution, summarizes the liquefaction methods and transportation technical characteristics of liquid mode, and analyzes the economic cost composition of the liquid hydrogen technology route. It is concluded that liquid mode as hydrogen carrier of large-scale development of hydrogen energy will be suitable for the development route of civil hydrogen energy in China. Suggestions are also put forward for the future development of hydrogen energy in China.

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Section: Hydrogen Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Hydrogen Production, Transportation and Economic Analysis

Zhang¹,

Miao²,

Sun³

et al. 2022

FBEM

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“…Secondly, there are inconsistencies between the data generated by the groups of Weitzel [4] and Hutchinson [5], making it difficult to use the entirety of the available data for the creation of consistent kinetic models [6] [7]. Thirdly, the existing data do not cover the entire operating range of modern ortho-para converters in terms of temperature-pressure pairings [6], requiring extrapolation from an already uncertain data basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ortho-parahydrogen catalyst test facility

Eisenhut,

Haberstroh

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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With the growing interest in hydrogen as one pillar of the future energy economy, the relevance of hydrogen liquefaction for storage and transportation is increasing rapidly. However, the liquefaction process still offers much potential for improvement in terms of cost and efficiency. One problem faced with achieving more cost- and energy-efficient liquefiers is the uncertainty associated with the dimensioning of the ortho-para converters. Literature data on the existing ortho-para catalysts stem mainly from the 1950s and 1960s and are partly inconsistent. Therefore, a new facility for the comprehensive investigation of catalytic ortho-parahydrogen conversion was set up at the Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden) as part of the government-funded HyCat (“Improvement of the Ortho-Para-Catalysts for Hydrogen Liquefaction”) project. It enables the testing of catalysts in the whole operational range of ortho-para converters in modern large-scale liquefaction plants by allowing the independent variation of temperature, pressure, flow rate, inlet ortho-para ratio, and sample reactor internal geometry. The setup has been tested and validated preliminarily. It can soon be used to produce new high-quality data sets on the performance of the commercial catalyst Ionex (hydrous ferric oxide), for the qualification of alternative catalysts, and for gaining a deeper understanding of the reaction kinetics involved.

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Industrial Perspective on Hydrogen Purification, Compression, Storage, and Distribution

Peschel

2020

Fuel Cells

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Green hydrogen production by electrolysis using renewable power allows for decoupling the time and location of hydrogen production and use. Even if pipeline transport of hydrogen is most economic for large scale, transport by trailers will be present in near and mid‐term future since the construction of a hydrogen pipeline network will take a long time. Furthermore, the volume of trailer transport will increase with increasing hydrogen demand raising the question what the best hydrogen carrier is. Within this contribution, different hydrogen carriers are compared regarding their energy efficiency and their practicability. In addition, an overview of hydrogen compression technology is given including piston, membrane, screw, electrochemical, thermal, and turbo compressors. As hydrogen carriers, gaseous compressed hydrogen (CGH), liquid hydrogen, (LH2), liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC), metal organic frameworks (MOF), hydrides and ammonia are evaluated. CGH is most energy efficient for short transport distances, but for longer distances a higher hydrogen density is required. Here, LH2 and LOHCs compete both showing a high hydrogen density. However, if larger hydrogen liquefiers are built in future, LH2 is more practical due to its better energy efficiency (at least for fueling station supply) and proven technology readiness.

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Kinetics and Heat Exchanger Design for Catalytic Ortho‐Para Hydrogen Conversion during Liquefaction

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Liquid Hydrogen Production, Transportation and Economic Analysis

Liquid Hydrogen Production, Transportation and Economic Analysis

Ortho-parahydrogen catalyst test facility

Industrial Perspective on Hydrogen Purification, Compression, Storage, and Distribution

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