Kinetic Study of Catalytic Cracking of Bio-oil over Silica-alumina Catalyst

Abstract

One of the most important aspects in the catalytic cracking of bio-oil is understanding the kinetics of the process.The aim of this paper was to study the kinetics of bio-oil cracking with a silica-alumina catalyst using a continuous fixed-bed reactor. The reaction was studied over the temperature range of 450 to 600 °C with a catalyst bed length of 1 to 4 cm. Three models, Models 1, 2, and 3, were proposed to represent the catalytic cracking kinetics of bio-oil. Model 1 was based on the cracking of bio-oil into the products, while Models 2 and 3 were based on the threeand four-lump models, respectively. The results showed that the rate constants of the catalytic cracking of bio-oil increased with an increasing temperature. The reaction rate constants of the catalytic cracking of biooil using Model 1 ranged from 0.221 to 0.416 cm 3 /g cat·min with an activation energy of 22.3 kJ/mol. It was found that the reaction rate constants from Model 2 can be employed to describe the cracking phenomenon of bio-oil, liquid hydrocarbons, and gas and coke, whereas Model 3 can illustrate the kinetics of bio-oil, kerosene, gasoline, and gas and coke cracking.

Comparison of Hexane, Methanol, and Their Mixtures as Solvents for Microalgae Lipid Extraction by Hydrodynamic Cavitation

“…This process is feasible to be developed to produce biodiesel from microalgae with a positive energy balance. [5], distilat asam lemak kelapa yang diolah menjadi biodiesel [6], produksi gas dari ampas tebu [7], produksi bio-oil dari limbah kayu, buah-buahan dan sayuran [8], bio-oil dari ampas mikroalga [9], biodiesel dari biji bukan bahan pangan seperti biji jarak dan biji pepaya [10] dan produksi energi dengan pengolahan termal atau biologis limbah organik [11]. Baru-baru ini, beberapa peneliti sedang menyelidiki produksi biodiesel generasi ketiga dari lipid mikroalga [4].…”

Comparative analysis between pyrolysis products of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> biomass and its residues

“…Further analysis on bio-oil characteristics can be performed by observing the amount of C in each constituent of bio-oil (Sunarno et al, 2018;Huanga et al, 2017). Grouping into fractions of LPG (C≤4), gasoline (C5-C11), diesel (C12-C18) and heavy naphtha (C≥19), according to the amount of C can then be performed for each SPR and SP sourced bio-oil to analyze the most dominant group at those four different temperatures tested.…”

Effect of Devices and Driving Pressures on Energy Requirements and Mass Transfer Coefficient on Microalgae Lipid Extraction Assisted by Hydrodynamic Cavitation

“…Non-edible vegetable oil or waste of biomass are preferred to serve as energy resources to avoid this problem (Suganya et al, 2016). Some researchers had investigated some fuels from nonedible and waste renewable resources, for instance: (i) biooil from palm empty fruit branch (EFB) (Sunarno et al, 2018), wood (Chukwuneke et al, 2019), vegetables and fruit waste (Wicakso et al, 2018), frying oils wastes (Soulayman and Ola, 2019) microalgae (Cheng et al, 2019), microalgae residue (Jamilatun et al, 2019); (ii) biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate (Sawitri et al, 2016), jatropha (Kusumaningtyas et al, 2016), papaya seed (Anwar et al, 2019); (iii) syngas from sugarcane bagasse (Daniyanto et al, 2016).…”