Kinetic study of acrylic acid solution polymerization

Scott, Robert A.; Peppas, Nikolaos A.

doi:10.1002/aic.690430116

Cited by 64 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The pH of our reaction is ϳ 2 as indicated earlier in this article. Based on the result that the kinetic constants are independent of conversion at pH ϳ 2, 26 M n should decrease at high conversion just as reported elsewhere. 12,27,28 At each HACA increase, the polymerization results in a Poly-A whose cumulative number average molecular weight is smaller than that originated from a lower concentration.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Poly-a Processmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…13,14,26 Scott and Peppas 26 showed the unusual 3 ⁄2 dependence on monomer concentration at both acid and basic regimes, whereas the initiator dependence remains 1 ⁄2 during their studies on the kinetics of aqueous persulfate polymerization of acrylic acid. Ishige and Hamielec 27 and Riggs and Rodriguez 28 reported also a 3 ⁄2 dependence on monomer concentration for the case of aqueous persulfate polymerization of acrylamide.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Poly-a Processmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polyacrylic acid (poly-A) as a chelant and dispersant

Kuila¹,

Blay²,

Borjas³

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Polyacrylic acid was synthesized in water by persulfate-initiated polymerization (solution polymerization) of glacial acrylic acid in the absence of a chain-transfer agent. The final product is odorless and colorless. Chelation for calcium ions using a calcium electrode show that our poly(acrylic acid) has a higher chelation capacity than that of existing commercial poly(acrylic acids). A design of experiments was performed to optimize the synthesis conditions to obtain poly(acrylic acid) with a high maximum chelation value. These studies also helped us to gain insight into its high chelation capacity. The chelation capacity for calcium reaches its highest values when polymerization near isothermal conditions is done ϳ 95°C with an acrylic acid concentration of Յ21 wt % and an addition time Ͼ1 h. These conditions favor higher molecular weight poly(acrylic acid) with a polydispersity ϳ 4. The dispersion properties of our poly(acrylic acid) are similar to those of the commercial ones. This dual capability of chelation and dispersion is absent in commercial chelants such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and their analogs. At pH Ͼ 7, chelation of calcium by our poly(acrylic acid) is much higher than that observed with EDTA. Characterization by NMR, Raman, FTIR, and molecular modeling are included in an attempt to understand structural features that can explain the higher chelation capacity of our atactic poly(acrylic acid).

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Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Poly-a Processmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Statistical Analysis Of the Poly-a Processmentioning

confidence: 97%

Polyacrylic acid (poly-A) as a chelant and dispersant

Kuila¹,

Blay²,

Borjas³

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…A systematic experimental study of the AA polymerization in aqueous solution with KPS was carried out within a range of operational parameters (monomer and initiator concentrations, temperature, and shear rate) corresponding to industrial conditions. [ 20 ] An overall model was proposed combining a kinetic scheme and rheological equation and was shown to account for experimental results (time variation of monomer conversion and viscosity of reaction medium, and average molar masses of fi nal polymer [ 21 ] Previous lab-scale data showed that with targeted reaction conditions (monomer feed concentration between 5 and 10 wt%) and polymer molar mass distributions (weight-average molar mass around 10 6 g mol −1 ), viscosity of reaction medium varied over three orders of magnitude (at 10 s −1 ) while monomer conversion rose up to 60%. Thus, the design of a continuous pilotscale reactor was focused on the heat and mass transfer performances.…”

Section: Lab-scale Preliminary Data About Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Pilot‐Scale Tubular Reactor for Acrylic Acid Polymerization in Solution Designed Using Lab‐Scale Rheo‐Raman data

Chevrel

Hoppe

Meimaroglou

et al. 2016

Macro Reaction Engineering

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A continuous pilot‐scale tubular reactor is designed for the polymerization of acrylic acid in aqueous solution. The reactor is equipped with CSE‐X static mixers from Fluitec which strongly increase heat and mass transfer despite laminar flow. A mathematical model of the reactor is proposed assuming that it is a perfect plug‐flow reactor and using kinetic and rheological equations previously established using a lab‐scale rheo‐Raman device. Calculated values of temperature and polymer concentration profile along the reactor as well as outlet average molar masses and viscosity are in good agreement with experimental results. Provided that the outlet viscosity of reaction medium does not exceed 0.5 Pa s, no reactor fouling occurred. On the contrary, fouling is detected after 6 to 8 h running with higher viscosities. This work is the first demonstration of applicability of CSE‐X static mixer elements in a continuous polymerization process producing high molar mass water‐soluble polymer. In addition, successful scale‐up of polymerization reactor is reported up to pilot‐scale as well as batch to continuous transposition, only on the basis of lab‐scale rheo‐Raman data. The interest of rheo‐Raman device for the acquisition of primary data is established.

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“…The polymerization rate of acrylic acid in aqueous solution depends on the pH of the solution and consequently on the degree of neutralization of the carboxyl groups [55]. At pH 7 the polymerization rate shows a minimum due to electrostatic repulsion between dissociated charged monomer and charged propagating radicals.…”

Section: Radical Solution Polymerization 421 Principles [See Also mentioning

confidence: 99%

Superabsorbents

Frank¹

2003

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Definition 3. Theory of Polyelectrolyte Networks 3.1. Elasticity 3.2. Swelling 3.3. Phase Transition 4. Chemistry and Production of Superabsorbents 4.1. Raw Materials 4.2. Radical Solution Polymerization 4.2.1. Principles 4.2.2. Production Processes 4.3. Inverse Suspension Polymerization 4.4. Surface Treatment 5. Properties, Characterization, and Analysis 5.1. Absorption Capacity 5.2. Shear Modulus 5.3. Kinetics of Absorption 5.4. Swelling under Load 5.5. Permeability 5.6. Test Methods 5.7. Stability of Superabsorbents 6. Uses 6.1. Personal Hygiene Products 6.1.1. Diapers 6.1.2. Feminine Hygiene Products 6.2. Packaging Applications 6.3. Soil Conditioners 6.4. Cable Applications 6.5. Civil Engineering and Construction 6.6. Other Applications 7. Other Forms of Superabsorbent Polymers 7.1. Fibers 7.2. Foams and Films 8. Environmental Aspects and Toxicology 9. Economic Aspects

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Kinetic study of acrylic acid solution polymerization

Cited by 64 publications

References 20 publications

Polyacrylic acid (poly-A) as a chelant and dispersant

Polyacrylic acid (poly-A) as a chelant and dispersant

Continuous Pilot‐Scale Tubular Reactor for Acrylic Acid Polymerization in Solution Designed Using Lab‐Scale Rheo‐Raman data

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