Kinetic Studies on the Esterification of a Substituted Phenylacetic Acid by Phase-Transfer Catalysis

Abstract

The reaction rates for the esterification of a substituted phenylacetic acid by phase-transfer catalysis were measured using a constant interfacial area cell. Experiments were performed at different concentrations of aqueous-phase reactant, phase-transfer catalyst, NaOH, and organic-phase reactant. It was shown that the stirring significantly affected the reaction rates. An attempt was made to express the reaction rate as a function of the concentrations of reactive species. The effect of temperature on the reaction was also studied, and the activation energies were evaluated. A possible mechanism was proposed and discussed based on a mixed Makosza and modified interfacial mechanisms.

Two-Phase Azo-Coupling Reactions Driven by Phase-Boundary Potential Across the Liquid|Liquid Interface

“…The Starks ion-exchange mechanism and the Makosza interfacial-reaction mechanism are among the two well-known models for ion initiation reactions in liquid−liquid two-phase systems. However, little has been known about the molecular details of the mechanism of PTC, mainly owing to the complex interplay of mass transfer, adsorption, partitioning, and chemical reactions, all of which depend on the details of experimental conditions. − …”

Micellar Route of the Synthesis of Alkyl Xylosides: An Unexpected Effect of Amphiphilic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

“…Reactions in biphasic systems with the use of phase transfer catalyst (quaternary ammonium salts or ammonium ionic liquids) are widely applied in many fields of organic synthesis . One of the example of biphasic catalysis is the synthesis in microemulsion biphasic reaction system .…”

“…[9,10] Reactions in biphasic systems with the use of phase transfer catalyst (quaternary ammonium salts or ammonium ionic liquids) are widely applied in many fields of organic synthesis. [11][12][13][14][15] One of the example of biphasic catalysis is the synthesis in microemulsion biphasic reaction system. [16][17][18] Synthesis in micellar (microemulsion) reaction systems is nowadays the most interesting and promising method applied in organic synthesis.…”

Preparation of W/O nanoemulsion using tandem acoustic emulsification and its novel utilization as a medium for phase-transfer catalytic reaction

“…20 We then investigated an inuence of the agitation (stirring) speed on the reaction rate for the model PTC process (Table 1). 20 We then investigated an inuence of the agitation (stirring) speed on the reaction rate for the model PTC process (Table 1).…”

“…It is well known that the agitation (stirring) speed is an important parameter for the PTC reaction. 20 We then investigated an inuence of the agitation (stirring) speed on the reaction rate for the model PTC process (Table 1). As shown in Table 1, the rate constant increased greatly with an increasing the agitation speed in the single sonicated (20 kHz) and untreated solutions.…”