Kinetic Studies on the Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B by Hydrogen Peroxide: Effect of Surfactant Coated and Non-Coated Iron (III) Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

Iron (III) oxide (Fe3O4) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) coated iron (III) oxide (SDS@Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method for application in the catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RB) dye. The synthesized NPs were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques and tested in the removal of RB. A kinetic study on RB degradation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was carried out and the influence of Fe3O4 and SDS@Fe3O4 magnetic NPs on the degradation rate was assessed. The activity of magnetic NPs, viz. Fe3O4 and SDS@Fe3O4, in the degradation of RB was spectrophotometrically studied and found effective in the removal of RB dye from water. The rate of RB degradation was found linearly dependent upon H2O2 concentration and within 5.0 × 10−2 to 4.0 × 10−1 M H2O2, the observed pseudo-first-order kinetic rates (kobs, s−1) for the degradation of RB (10 mg L−1) at pH 3 and temperature 25 ± 2 °C were between 0.4 and 1.7 × 104 s−1, while in presence of 0.1% w/v Fe3O4 or SDS@Fe3O4 NPs, kobs were between 1.3 and 2.8 × 104 s−1 and between 2.6 and 4.8 × 104 s−1, respectively. Furthermore, in presence of Fe3O4 or SDS@Fe3O4, kobs increased with NPs dosage and showed a peaked pH behavior with a maximum at pH 3. The magnitude of thermodynamic parameters Ea and ΔH for RB degradation in presence of SDS@Fe3O4 were 15.63 kJ mol−1 and 13.01 kJ mol−1, respectively, lowest among the used catalysts, confirming its effectiveness during degradation. Furthermore, SDS in the presence of Fe3O4 NPs and H2O2 remarkably enhanced the rate of RB degradation.

Green Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Acorus calamus Leaf Extract and Evaluating Its Photocatalytic and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

“…The UV-vis region of electromagnetic radiation, which corresponds to the bandgap, highlights the bandgap in the visible range. Earlier research found a similar pattern of behavior [42][43][44].…”

Tunable magnetochromic elastomer with instantaneous color changes

“…Successful coating with citric acid is confirmed by the peaks at 1358 cm -1 and 1538 cm -1 , which can be attributed to COOstretching bands in citric acid [25,26] (see Figure 7b). FT-IR spectra for SDS-coated MNPs are presented in Figure 7c: the peak at 1351 cm -1 is assigned to the stretching vibration of the S=O band, while the peaks at 2973 cm -1 and 2876 cm -1 are attributed to the C-H bands [27,28] -all of which indicates successful MNP modification via SDS coating.…”

Treatment of textile dye wastewater by peroxymonosulfate activation using facilely prepared Fe3O4@TiO2 heterogeneous photocatalyst

“…[ 10–19 ] Interestingly, TiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 composites are also effective photocatalysts for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to form sulfate radical (SO 4 •− ), which provides a stronger oxidation ability and longer lifetime as compared to traditional hydroxyl radical (HO • ), thus providing the synergistic effect of adsorption, photocatalysis, and photocatalytic activation. [ 16,17,20 ] The use of TiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 ‐based magnetic photocatalysts for the treatment of dyes in water has been reported in the literature, including photocatalysis (e.g., methylene blue (MB), [ 11,12 ] Rhodamine B (RhB), [ 21–23 ] methyl orange (MO), [ 24 ] and phenol [ 14 ] , and photocatalytic activation with H 2 O 2 (e.g., RhB [ 25 ] and MB [ 26 ] ) and PMS (e.g., food dyes [ 15 ] ). From the published works, TiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 is a potential catalyst in wastewater treatment, especially with complex pollutant compositions such as textile dyeing wastewater.…”