Kinetic spray coatings

Steenkiste, Thomas H. Van; Smith, J. R.; Teets, Richard E.; Moleski, J.J.; Gorkiewicz, Daniel W.; Tison, Richard P.; Marantz, D.R.; Kowalsky, K.; Riggs, W.L.; Zajchowski, P.H.; Pilsner, B. H.; McCune, R.C.; Barnett, K.

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(98)00709-9

Cited by 224 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These were shortly followed by others, e.g. Dykhuizen and Smith [10] Gilmore et al [11] van Steenkiste et al [12] Kreye and Stoltenhoff [13] and Xiong et al [14]. The interest in CS has been increasing at a relatively fast rate in the past two decades, as reflected by the number of publications per year, Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cold spraying – A materials perspective

et al. 2016

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Cold spraying is a solid-state powder deposition process with several unique characteristics, allowing production of coatings or bulk components from a wide range of materials. The process has attracted much attention from academia and industry over the past two decades.The technical interest in cold spraying is twofold: first as a coating process for applications in surface technology, and second as a solid-state additive manufacturing process, offering an alternative to selective laser melting or electron beam melting methods. Moreover, cold spraying can be used to study materials behaviour under extremely high strain rates, high pressures and high cooling rates. The cold spraying process is thus considered to be relevant for various industrial applications, as well as for fundamental studies in materials science.This article aims to provide an overview of the cold spray process, the current understanding of the deposition mechanisms, and the related models and experiments, from a materials science perspective. IntroductionCold spraying (CS) is a solid-state material deposition technique, where micron-sized particles of a powder bond to a substrate as a result of high-velocity impact and the associated severe plastic deformation. Acceleration of particles to high velocities is obtained via expansion of a pressurised and (ironically) 'hot' gas through a diverging-converging nozzle.Despite heating the process gas -which is to provide higher acceleration of the gas and also to facilitate particle deformation through thermal softening -the feedstock remains in the solid state throughout the entire process; hence the name 'cold' spraying. This is to underline the contrast to conventional thermal spraying where particles are completely or partially molten upon impact onto the substrate. Alternative terminology includes cold gas spray, micro cold spray, cold gas dynamic spray, kinetic spray, supersonic particle deposition and metal powder application (MPA), all of which refer to the same principle of solid-state powder deposition as described above. CS is used for coating and repair. It is also used for additive manufacturing (AM) at relatively high deposition rates as compared to the methods based on selective laser or electron beam melting. The main advantage of CS is that it alleviates the problems associated with high temperature processing of materials, such as oxidation and unfavourable structural changes. It is possibly the only continuous method to produce bulk components of metastable materials that are available only in the powder form, e.g. as obtained from mechanical attrition or gas atomisation. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of CS from a materials perspective, particularly for a broader audience in materials research, e.g. with interest in dynamic phenomena, plasticity and phase transformations. In terms of application and properties, CS is perhaps best to be compared to thermal spraying processes, as in [24,25]. In view of relevant physical phenomena, however, CS is mos...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cold spraying – A materials perspective

et al. 2016

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“…The mechanisms of adhesion in cold spray deposition are still not fully understood. Van Steenkiste et al identify three possible candidate mechanisms for bonding [ 13]. If the velocity of the particles is sufficient to exceed yield stress upon collision, then adhesion through plastic deformation will occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The particles would require a further increase in velocity for this bonding mechanism to take place [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Gas Dynamic Manufacturing – A new approach to Near-Net Shape Metal Component Fabrication

et al. 2002

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Cold Gas Dynamic Manufacturing (CGDM) is a high-rate, direct deposition process capable of combining many dissimilar materials in the production of a single component. The process is based on Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying (CGDS) -a surface coating technology in which small, un-heated particles are accelerated to high velocities (typically above 500 m/s) in a supersonic gas jet and directed towards a substrate material. The process does not use a heat source (as with similar plasma and HVOF spray technologies), but rather employs the high kinetic energy of the particles to effect bonding through plastic deformation upon impact with the substrate or previously deposited layer. As a consequence it lends itself to the processing of temperature sensitive material systems such as oxidising, phase-sensitive or nano-structured materials. To achieve metallic bonding incident particles require velocities greater than a certain materialspecific threshold value, such that thin surface films are ruptured, generating a direct interface. This bonding mechanism has been compared to explosive welding. This paper discusses the further development of the CGDS technique from surface coating technology into the basis for a novel Additive Fabrication process. The description of the apparatus is presented in addition to the basic processing conditions for the deposition of aluminium material. Particular attention is paid to the morphology of the deposited material, the microstructure and the interfacial boundary between splats.

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“…Para una deposición adecuada se requiere, dependiendo del material, una cierta velocidad mínima o crítica para que haya adhesión, tal como se ilustra en la figura 3; este valor depende significativamente de las propiedades termomecánicas del polvo y del sustrato, morfología y tamaño de partícula [12][13][14] . Por debajo de esta velocidad crítica, las partículas que impactan generan solamente una erosión del sustrato [5 y 6] ; por encima, la deposición de las partículas mejora hasta un máximo que, en algunos casos, puede superar el 95 %.…”

Section: La Proyección Fría (Cold Gas Spray Cgs)unclassified

Recubrimientos micro/nanoestructurados de aleaciones ligeras mediante proyección fría para la protección y reparación de componentes de elevado valor añadido: Estado del arte

2013

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The Cold Gas Spray -CGS technique has greatly attracted the attention of the researchers in the last decade due to advantages compared to other conventional thermal spray processes. It presents outstanding characteristics such as high density coatings and absence of thermal degradation (oxidation or phase transformation). In addition, CGS is an efficient and green technology. This paper presents a bibliographic review related to micro/nanostructured aluminium-based coatings of by CGS on light alloy substrates. It provides an overview of the feasibility of using the Cold Gas Spray as a technique for the protection, recovery and repair of high value-added components, especially those made of light alloys (aluminium and magnesium base) which, by their low density and mechanical properties, are widely used in several industrial sectors such as transport, aerospace and power generation.

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Kinetic spray coatings

Cited by 224 publications

References 7 publications

Cold spraying – A materials perspective

Cold spraying – A materials perspective

Cold Gas Dynamic Manufacturing – A new approach to Near-Net Shape Metal Component Fabrication

Recubrimientos micro/nanoestructurados de aleaciones ligeras mediante proyección fría para la protección y reparación de componentes de elevado valor añadido: Estado del arte

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