Kinetic identification of phenolic compounds and potential production of caffeic acid by Ganoderma lipsiense in solid-state fermentation

Production, iron analysis and consumer perception of functional Thai Sinlek iron rice (Oryza sativa) drink

“…Nowadays, HPLC coupled with sensitive DAD, fluorometer (FLD), ESI/MS and electrospray ionisation/quadrupole time‐of‐flight/mass spectrometer (ESI/Q‐TOF/MS) detectors are used for the analysis of phenolics, flavonoids, metabolites and phytochemicals (Okai & Higashi‐Okai, 2006; Costa et al ., 2019; Costa et al ., 2020). Iron and γ‐oryzanol contents were analysed in two lyophilised rice hydrolysates, and the results are shown in Table 1.…”

Liposoluble compounds from Ganoderma lipsiense grown on solid red rice medium with antiparasitic and antibacterial properties

“…Long‐chain fatty acid mixtures (nonadecanoic, heptadecanoic, and hexadecanoic acids) were also suggested as active constituents of inhibition in human cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis of HL‐60 cells . The 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z), 2‐hydroxy‐1‐ (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester , known as β‐monolinolein, was also suggested as potential source against MDA‐MB‐231 cells . Pentadecanoic acid is important fatty acids with antibacterial properties .…”

“…The moisture content of the SSF medium was adjusted to 51.0 ± 6.01% according to the method described in our previous work . The flasks with the medium were autoclaved (121 ºC for 30 Min) and inoculated with 20 mL of G. lipsiense mycelial fragments suspension, prepared according to the method described in our previous work . The flasks were incubated in a microbiological incubator (Q315M25 Quimis®) without humidity control at 28 ºC for 42 days.…”

“…The CM, CE, HEXf, DCMf, EAf, and F19 were analyzed for antibacterial activity by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) [19] against the bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Gentamycin was used as positive control.…”

“…The SSF mimics the natural habitat of filamentous fungi [18], ideal for the daily formation of some compounds, as well as for fruiting bodies in the cultivation of mushrooms. As part of ongoing studies to discover new bioactive compounds from basidiomycetes fungi [12,19,20], our team has identified some phenolic compounds produced by G. lipsiense using solid red rice medium [19]. This cereal is rich in nutrients [21] and some researchers have used this as a substrate for antioxidants, phenolic compounds, enzymatic inhibitors, enzymes, and coumarins production in process using fungi [22][23][24][25].…”