Kinetic energy estimation by rainfall intensity and its usefulness in predicting hydrosedimentological variables in a small rural catchment in southern Brazil

Ramon, Rafael; Minella, Jean Paolo Gomes; Merten, Gustavo Henrique; Barros, Cláudia Alessandra Peixoto de; Canale, Tiago

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2016.07.015

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…More data and longer measurement periods are required to improve the estimation and quantification of changes in water yield after deforestation. Monitoring the catchments during the summer period would also provide valuable information given potential ET variability over the year (varying from approximately 40 to 150 mm/month, calculated using New LocClim; FAO, ; Grieser, Gommes, & Bernardi, ), changes in field coverage due to agriculture practices (Barros et al, ), or varying rainfall intensities (Ramon et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of forest conversion and agriculture practices on water pathways in Southern Brazil

Robinet

Minella

Barros

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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Land-use/cover change (LUCC), and more specifically deforestation and multidecadal agriculture, is one of the various controlling factors of water fluxes at the hillslope or catchment scale. We investigated the impact of LUCC on water pathways and stream stormflow generation processes in a subtropical region in southern Brazil. We monitored, sampled and analysed stream water, pore water, subsurface water, and rainwater for dissolved silicon concentration (DSi) and 18 O/ 16 O (δ 18 O) signature to identify contributing sources to the streamflow under forest and under agriculture. Both forested and agricultural catchments were highly responsive to rainfall events in terms of discharge and shallow groundwater level. DSi versus δ 18 O scatter plots indicated that for both land-use types, two run-off components contributed to the stream discharge. The presence of a dense macropore network, combined with the presence of a compact and impeding B-horizon, led to rapid subsurface flow in the forested catchment. In the agricultural catchment, the rapid response to rainfall was mostly due to surface run-off. A 2-component isotopic hydrograph separation indicated a larger contribution of rainfall water to run-off during rainfall event in the agricultural catchments. We attributed this higher contribution to a decrease in topsoil hydraulic conductivity associated with agricultural practices. The chemical signature of the old water component in the forested catchment was very similar to that of the shallow groundwater and the pore soil water: It is therefore likely that the shallow groundwater was the main source of old water. This is not the case in the agricultural catchments where the old water component had a much higher DSi concentration than the shallow groundwater and the soil pore water. As the agricultural catchments were larger, this may to some extent simply be a scale effect. However, the higher water yields under agriculture and the high DSi concentration observed in the old water under agriculture suggest a significant contribution of deep groundwater to catchment run-off under agriculture, suggesting that LUCC may have significant effects on weathering rates and patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average annual rainfall is 1,944 ± 336 mm (2002–2017 average). There is some seasonal variability of the rainfall intensity, with shorter and more intense rains during the spring and summer seasons (September to March; Ramon, Minella, Merten, de Barros, & Canale, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of forest conversion and agriculture practices on water pathways in Southern Brazil

Robinet

Minella

Barros

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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“…The annual average of E for the monitoring period was 8,350 MJ·mm·ha −1 ·h −1 ·year −1 (strong erosivity); high values of erosivity occurred in September and October, which coincided with soil tillage before crop planting. The detailed methodology used to estimate E is described by Ramon, Minella, Merten, de Barros, and Canale ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term sediment yield from a small catchment in southern Brazil affected by land use and soil management changes

Minella

Merten

Barros

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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Sediments produced from eroding cultivated land can cause on-site and off-site effects that cause considerable economic and social impacts. Despite the importance of soil conservation practices (SCP) for the control of soil erosion and improvements in soil hydrological functions, limited information is available regarding the effects of SCP on sediment yield (SY) at the catchment scale. This study aimed to investigate the long-term relationships between SY and land use, soil management, and rainfall in a small catchment. To determine the effects of anthropogenic and climatic factors on SY, rainfall, streamflow, and suspended sediment concentration were monitored at 10-min intervals for 14 years (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016), and the land use and soil management changes were surveyed annually. Using a statistical procedure to separate the SY effects of climate, land use, and soil management, we observed pronounced temporal effects of land use and soil management changes on SY. During the first 2 years (2002)(2003)(2004), the land was predominantly cultivated with tobacco under a traditional tillage system (no cover crops and ploughed soil) using animal traction. In that period, the SY reached approximately 400 t·km −2 ·year −1 . From 2005 to 2009, a soil conservation programme introduced conservation tillage and winter cover crops in the catchment area, which lowered the SY to 50 t·km −2 ·year −1 . In the final period (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016), the SCP were partially abandoned by farmers, and reforested areas increased, resulting in an SY of 150 t·km −2 ·year −1 . This study also discusses the factors associated with the failure to continue using SCP, including structural support and farmer attitudes.

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“…Comparison of the measured rainfall kinetic energy to that found from the calibration of the site-and device-specific rainfall kinetic energy-intensity relationships and the rainfall kinetic energy-intensity relationships Wischmeier The only consistent trend was that BF always underestimated the total KE with PBIAS ranging from −2.1% to −30.2%. Several other studies based on disdrometer data also found that BF underestimates KE [5,8,18,32,33,66]. Nearing et al [22] stated that BF should not be used for erosivity calculations, as it underestimates KE, and recommended using WS or MG, as they give the best results.…”

Section: Comparison With Rainfall Kinetic Energy-intensity Relationshmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disdrometers are automated rainfall measurement instruments, which are able to continuously measure the number, size and velocity of falling raindrops and are thus able to give direct measurements of the kinetic energy. Disdrometer data are useful in a wide range of fields due to their high temporal resolution and has been used for the development of KE-I relationships at several sites worldwide [5,6,13,14,18,[30][31][32][33]. However, despite the technological improvement, disdrometer data are still subject to measurement uncertainty.…”

Section: Reference Equation Abbreviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Disdrometer Types on Rainfall Erosivity Estimation

Johannsen

Zambon

Strauß³

et al. 2020

Water

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Soil erosion by water is affected by the rainfall erosivity, which controls the initial detachment and mobilization of soil particles. Rainfall erosivity is expressed through the rainfall intensity (I) and the rainfall kinetic energy (KE). KE–I relationships are an important tool for rainfall erosivity estimation, when direct measurement of KE is not possible. However, the rainfall erosivity estimation varies depending on the chosen KE–I relationship, as the development of KE–I relationships is affected by the measurement method, geographical rainfall patterns and data handling. This study investigated how the development of KE–I relationships and rainfall erosivity estimation is affected by the use of different disdrometer types. Rainfall data were collected in 1-min intervals from six optical disdrometers at three measurement sites in Austria, one site in Czech Republic and one site in New Zealand. The disdrometers included two disdrometers of each of the following types: the PWS100 Present Weather Sensor from Campbell Scientific, the Laser Precipitation Monitor from Thies Clima and the first generation Parsivel from OTT Hydromet. The fit of KE–I relationships from the literature varied among disdrometers and sites. Drop size and velocity distributions and developed KE–I relationships were device-specific and showed similarities for disdrometers of the same type across measurement sites. This hindered direct comparison of results from different types of disdrometers, even when placed at the same site. Thus, to discern spatial differences in rainfall characteristics the same type of measurement instrument should be used.

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Kinetic energy estimation by rainfall intensity and its usefulness in predicting hydrosedimentological variables in a small rural catchment in southern Brazil

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Impacts of forest conversion and agriculture practices on water pathways in Southern Brazil

Impacts of forest conversion and agriculture practices on water pathways in Southern Brazil

Long‐term sediment yield from a small catchment in southern Brazil affected by land use and soil management changes

Impact of Disdrometer Types on Rainfall Erosivity Estimation

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