“…Position ( A ): the clavicle is in its medial position; dotted line shows limits of the clavicle mobility; arrows indicate the direction of movement toward the next position. Position ( B ): the clavicle abducted and rotated; previous position is shown in gray (Modified from Panyutina et al, ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1—midline of the body; 2—trajectory of the dorsocaudal angle of scapula; 3—sternoclavicular joint; 4—trajectory of the distal end of clavicle; 5—extreme medial position of acromioclavicular joint; 6—phases of cranio‐caudal deflections of clavicle; 7—phases of latero‐medial deflections of clavicle; 8—phases of axial rotation of clavicle. (Modified from Panyutina et al, ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Preliminary results of our study of scapular and clavicular principal movements in Rousettus aegyptiacus ( R. aegyptiacus ), based on fluoroscopy, were published elsewhere (Panyutina et al, ). In this article, results of fluoroscopy are considered in view of shoulder movements in different bat species revealed by high‐speed video and examination of syndesmological specimens.…”
New data on the mechanisms of movements of the shoulder girdle and humerus of bats are described; potential mobility is compared to the movements actually used in flight. The study was performed on the basis of morphological and functional analysis of anatomical specimens of 15 species, high speed and high definition filming of two species and X-ray survey of Rousettus aegyptiacus flight. Our observations indicate that any excursions of the shoulder girdle in bats have relatively small input in the wing amplitude. Shoulder girdle movements resemble kinematics of a crank mechanism: clavicle plays the role of crank, and scapula-the role of connecting rod. Previously described osseous "locking mechanisms" in shoulder joint of advanced bats do not affect the movements, actually used in flight. The wing beats in bats are performed predominantly by movements of humerus relative to shoulder girdle, although these movements occupy the caudal-most sector of available shoulder mobility. Anat Rec, 296:382-394, 2013. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: Bat flight; chiropteran functional morphology;shoulder girdle anatomy; syndesmologyIn the second half of the 20th century many studies on osteology and myology of bats were published (
“…Position ( A ): the clavicle is in its medial position; dotted line shows limits of the clavicle mobility; arrows indicate the direction of movement toward the next position. Position ( B ): the clavicle abducted and rotated; previous position is shown in gray (Modified from Panyutina et al, ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1—midline of the body; 2—trajectory of the dorsocaudal angle of scapula; 3—sternoclavicular joint; 4—trajectory of the distal end of clavicle; 5—extreme medial position of acromioclavicular joint; 6—phases of cranio‐caudal deflections of clavicle; 7—phases of latero‐medial deflections of clavicle; 8—phases of axial rotation of clavicle. (Modified from Panyutina et al, ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Preliminary results of our study of scapular and clavicular principal movements in Rousettus aegyptiacus ( R. aegyptiacus ), based on fluoroscopy, were published elsewhere (Panyutina et al, ). In this article, results of fluoroscopy are considered in view of shoulder movements in different bat species revealed by high‐speed video and examination of syndesmological specimens.…”
New data on the mechanisms of movements of the shoulder girdle and humerus of bats are described; potential mobility is compared to the movements actually used in flight. The study was performed on the basis of morphological and functional analysis of anatomical specimens of 15 species, high speed and high definition filming of two species and X-ray survey of Rousettus aegyptiacus flight. Our observations indicate that any excursions of the shoulder girdle in bats have relatively small input in the wing amplitude. Shoulder girdle movements resemble kinematics of a crank mechanism: clavicle plays the role of crank, and scapula-the role of connecting rod. Previously described osseous "locking mechanisms" in shoulder joint of advanced bats do not affect the movements, actually used in flight. The wing beats in bats are performed predominantly by movements of humerus relative to shoulder girdle, although these movements occupy the caudal-most sector of available shoulder mobility. Anat Rec, 296:382-394, 2013. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: Bat flight; chiropteran functional morphology;shoulder girdle anatomy; syndesmologyIn the second half of the 20th century many studies on osteology and myology of bats were published (
“…Our morphofunctional analysis of the bat flight apparatus based on dissections, manipulations on syndesmological preparations, and fluoroscopic research of flight has shown that a number of statements of the lock hypotheses are wrong and allowed the introduction of an alternative kinematic model of the bat shoulder girdle (Panyutina et al 2011(Panyutina et al , 2013. Below is its overview.…”
Chiropterans have developed a travelling mode essentially unusual for mammals, that is, flapping flight. The forelimbs were charged with the major job of propelling the body into the air, and all their regions (except for the carpus) have become greatly elongated to form an airframe for the wing membrane. The formation of the wing involved hindlimbs as well, which are also rather elongated relative to the body. They help to tighten the trailing edge of the membrane and may participate in the flapping movements. In many species, the flight apparatus includes the uropatagium, a piece of the membrane stretched between the hindlimbs and tail.
“…Our morphofunctional analysis of the bat flight apparatus based on dissections, manipulations on syndesmological preparations, and fluoroscopic research of flight has shown that a number of statements of the lock hypotheses are wrong and allowed the introduction of an alternative kinematic model of the bat shoulder girdle (Panyutina et al 2011. Below is its overview.…”
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
