Kinematics of the lumbar spine in trunk rotation: in vivo three-dimensional analysis using magnetic resonance imaging

Fujii, Ryutaro; Sakaura, Hironobu; Mukai, Yoshihiro; Hosono, Noboru; Ishii, Takahiro; Iwasaki, Motoki; Yoshikawa, Hideki; Sugamoto, Kazuomi

doi:10.1007/s00586-007-0373-3

Cited by 82 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, coupled motion was not included in our model despite data showing that lateral bending and axial rotation are usually accompanied by motion in the other two degrees-of-freedom (White and Panjabi 1978a;Pearcy and Tibrewal 1984;Ochia et al 2006;Fujii et al 2007;Kozanek et al 2009;Li et al 2009). This was because the ensuing change in the results was not significant enough to justify the increase in computational cost as a result of the increase in the model's complexity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Musculoskeletal model for the lumbar spine

Christophy

Senan

Lotz

et al. 2011

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

254

228

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A new musculoskeletal model for the lumbar spine is described in this paper. This model features a rigid pelvis and sacrum, the five lumbar vertebrae, and a rigid torso consisting of a lumped thoracic spine and ribcage. The motion of the individual lumbar vertebrae was defined as a fraction of the net lumbar movement about the three rotational degrees of freedom: flexion-extension lateral bending, and axial rotation. Additionally, the eight main muscle groups of the lumbar spine were incorporated using 238 muscle fascicles with prescriptions for the parameters in the Hill-type muscle models obtained with the help of an extensive literature survey. The features of the model include the abilities to predict joint reactions, muscle forces, and muscle activation patterns. To illustrate the capabilities of the model and validate its physiological similarity, the model's predictions for the moment arms of the muscles are shown for a range of flexion-extension motions of the lower back. The model uses the OpenSim platform and is freely available on https://www.simtk.org/home/lumbarspine to other spinal researchers interested in analyzing the kinematics of the spine. The model can also be integrated with existing OpenSim models to build more comprehensive models of the human body.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these data were normalized to 25 • in accordance with the ROM of the lumbar spine in lateral bending as mentioned in the study by Troke et al (2001). Axial rotation motion of the model was based on data presented in Fujii et al (2007). 1 Table 3 summarizes the slope values used for each of the five lumbar levels.…”

Section: Joint Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Musculoskeletal model for the lumbar spine

Christophy

Senan

Lotz

et al. 2011

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

254

228

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ochia et al [21] used 3D CT scan to investigate the passive lumbar axial rotation in a supine body position by ±50°. Fujii et al [19] performed in vivo non-weight bearing supine MRI scan of human lumbar spine at different passive axial rotation of the upper body by 15°increments to the maximum trunk rotation. These studies showed, on average, \2°in axial rotation at each vertebral level, and a similar trend in the coupled bending motion in the L2-L4 The percentages of segmental ROM with respect to total ROM are shown in parentheses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the in vivo studies have used skin markers or plain radiographs to measure the vertebral motion during various dynamic motion or static postures [16][17][18]. Three-dimensional CT and MRI imaging techniques have also been used to determine the vertebral motion during passive axial rotation of the lumbar spine [19][20][21]. Recently, a 3D fluoroscopic imaging technique was applied to investigate the 6DOF static range of motion of lumbar vertebrae at various weight bearing body postures [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of coupled bending of the lumbar spine during dynamic axial rotation of the body

et al. 2013

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Purpose Little is known about the coupled motions of the spine during functional dynamic motion of the body. This study investigated the in vivo characteristic motion patterns of the human lumbar spine during a dynamic axial rotation of the body. Specifically, the contribution of each motion segment to the lumbar axial rotation and the coupled bending of the vertebrae during the dynamic axial rotation of the body were analyzed. Methods Eight asymptomatic subjects (M/F, 7/1; age, 40-60 years) were recruited. The lumbar segment of each subject was MRI scanned for construction of 3D models of the vertebrae from L2 to S1. The lumbar spine was then imaged using a dual fluoroscopic system while the subject performed a dynamic axial rotation from maximal left to maximal right in a standing position. The 3D vertebral models and the fluoroscopic images were used to reproduce the in vivo vertebral motion. In this study, we analyzed the primary left-right axial rotation, the coupled left-right bending of each vertebral segment from L2 to S1 levels. ResultsThe primary axial rotations of all segments (L2-S1) followed the direction of the body axial rotation. Contributions of each to the overall segment axial rotation were 6.7°± 3.0°(27.9 %) for the L2-L3, 4.4°± 1.2°( 18.5 %) for the L3-L4, 6.4°± 2.2°(26.7 %) for the L4-L5, and 6.4°± 2.6°(27.0 %) for the L5-S1 vertebral motion segments. The upper segments of L2-L3 and L3-L4 demonstrated a coupled contralateral bending towards the opposite direction of the axial rotation, while the lower segments of L4-L5 and L5-S1 demonstrated a coupled ipsilateral bending motion towards the same direction of the axial rotation. Strong correlation between the primary axial rotation and the coupled bending was found at each vertebral level. We did not observe patterns of coupled flexion/extension rotation with the primary axial rotation. Conclusions This study demonstrated that a dynamic lumbar axial rotation coupling with lateral bendings is segment-dependent and can create a coordinated dynamic coupling to maintain the global dynamic balance of the body. The results could improve our understanding of the normal physiologic lumbar axial rotation and to establish guidelines for diagnosing pathological lumbar motion.

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“…A 45°axial trunk rotation has been shown to result in a 1.7°and 1.6°axial rotation at L4-5 and L5-S1 respectively. 7 In our study we applied a rotation of 3°over these two levels, which would therefore correspond to a 41°trunk rotation. Clearly this level of trunk rotation is common in a wide range of sporting and daily activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element investigation of the effect of a bifid arch on loading of the vertebral isthmus

Quah

Yeoman²,

Cizinauskas³

et al. 2014

The Spine Journal

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The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Spondylolysis (SL) of the lower lumbar spine is frequently associated with spina bifida occulta (SBO). There has not been any study that has demonstrated biomechanical or genetic predispositions to explain the coexistence of these two pathologies. In axial rotation, the intact vertebral arch allows torsional load to be shared between the facet joints. In SBO, the load cannot be shared across the arch, theoretically increasing the mechanical demand of the vertebral isthmus during combined axial loading and rotation when compared to the normal state. Purpose:To test the hypothesis that fatigue failure limits will be exceeded in the case of a bifid arch, but not in the intact case, when the segment is subjected to complex loading corresponding to normal sporting activities. Study Design:Descriptive Laboratory Study Methods:Finite element models of natural and SBO (L4-S1) including ligaments were loaded axially to 1kN and were combined with axial rotation of 3°. Bilateral stresses, alternating stresses and shear fatigue failure on intact and SBO L5 isthmus were assessed and compared. Results:Under 1kN axial load, the von Mises stresses observed in SBO and in the intact cases were very similar (differences <5MPa) having a maximum at the ventral end of the isthmus that decreases monotonically to the dorsal end. However, under 1kN axial load and rotation, the maximum von Mises stresses observed in the ipsilateral L5 isthmus in the SBO case (31MPa) was much higher than the intact case (24.2MPa) indicating a lack of load sharing across the vertebral arch in SBO.When assessing the equivalent alternating shear stress amplitude, this was found to be 22.6MPa for the SBO case and 13.6 MPa for the intact case. From this it is estimated that shear fatigue failure will occur in less than 70,000 cycles, under repetitive axial load & rotation conditions in the SBO case, while for the intact case, fatigue failure will occur only over 10 million cycles. Conclusion:SBO predisposes spondylolysis by generating increased stresses across the inferior isthmus of the inferior articular process, specifically in combined axial rotation and anteroposterior shear. Clinical Relevance:Athletes with SBO who participate in sports that require repetitive lumbar rotation, hyperextension and/or axial loading are at a higher risk of developing spondylolysis compared to athletes with an intact spine. Key Terms:Spina Bifida Occulta, spondylolysis, finite element analysis, stress fracture, fatigue fracture, lumbar spineWhat is known about the subject: SL of the lower lumbar spine is frequently associated with SBO. A recent investigation has revealed a 3.7 fold Odd ratio for the presence of SL in individuals with SBO. As yet, it is unclear if SBO is a...

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Kinematics of the lumbar spine in trunk rotation: in vivo three-dimensional analysis using magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 82 publications

References 16 publications

A Musculoskeletal model for the lumbar spine

A Musculoskeletal model for the lumbar spine

Investigation of coupled bending of the lumbar spine during dynamic axial rotation of the body

Finite element investigation of the effect of a bifid arch on loading of the vertebral isthmus

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