Kinematics, Injury Mechanisms and Design Considerations for Older Children in Adult Torso Belts

Bidez, Martha Warren; Syson, Stephen R.

doi:10.4271/2001-01-0173

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Children who are Ͻ80 pounds or Ͻ4Ј9Љ tall are inadequately restrained by adult seatbelts, increasing the risk of injury in an automobile crash. 10,11 The positioning of adult belts on young children can cause life-threatening spinal or abdominal injury, the so-called "seatbelt syndrome." 12 The evidence for a protective effect of booster seats is no longer theoretical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Small for a Seatbelt: Predictors of Booster Seat Use by Child Passengers

Ebel¹,

Koepsell

Bennett

et al. 2003

Pediatrics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Small for a Seatbelt: Predictors of Booster Seat Use by Child Passengers

Ebel¹,

Koepsell

Bennett

et al. 2003

Pediatrics

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“…14,15,19 Recent anthropometric data suggest that a child who is at least 143 cm tall and weighs at least 36 kg (80 lb) has a median age of 11 years 20 ; therefore, the recommendation that booster seats be used by children who are younger than 8 years recognizes that most 8-year-old children will meet the height and weight criterion for booster seat use. Data from mechanical sled tests, 15,19 computer crash simulations, and the limited epidemiological data available 2,21 all suggest that booster seats are protective for children who do not yet fit into seat belts. Therefore, safety experts recommend that children who have outgrown child harness seats and do not yet fit adult seat belts should use a booster seat, generally children younger than 8 years and 36 kg (80 lb).…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Child Booster Seats in Motor Vehicles Following a Community Campaign

Ebel¹,

Koepsell²,

Bennett³

et al. 2003

JAMA

100

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OTOR VEHICLE COLLIsions remain the leading cause of death for children aged 4 to 8 years. 1 Booster seats are more effective than seat belts at reducing the risk of injury for these older children. 2 Nonetheless, only an estimated 6% to 19% of 4-to 8-year-old children currently ride in booster seats, while the majority use only an adult seat belt. 3-5 To date, there are no published trials of community interventions to increase booster seat use. In 1999, we began a 2-year community campaign to increase booster seat use in King County, Washington. This report describes the effectiveness of the campaign in increasing observed booster seat use. METHODS Study Design We conducted a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial to evaluate the community intervention. Booster seat use in each community was observed at baseline just before beginning the intervention, and then observations were repeated 15 months later. Four communities in the greater Seattle, Wash, area served as intervention sites, comprising about 240000 people. Eight communities in Portland, Ore, and Spo-kane, Wash, served as control sites. These communities were approximately matched on household per capita income and population size (TABLE 1), 6,7 and were chosen because they represented distinct neighborhoods with clear geographic boundaries. Booster Seat Campaign The campaign targeted both parents and children. It sought to increase parental awareness of the need for booster seats, reduce the motivational and financial barriers to purchasing a seat, and reinforce booster seat use through public health messages delivered from many different sources. Campaign messages were developed based on the Precede-Proceed model of behavioral change, identifying predisposing, enabling, and

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“…Such positions lead to the child being poorly restrained during the steering maneuver, causing an increased risk of rolling out of the shoulder belt on impact. Bidez and Syson (2001) also identified torso rollout in oblique frontal crashes, with seat-belt-restrained child crash test dummies in the rear seat.…”

Section: Occupant Kinematics Prior To and During Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head Injury Causation Scenarios for Belted, Rear-Seated Children in Frontal Impacts

Bohman

Arbogast

Boström

2011

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Head injuries with seatback or side interior contact typically included a PDOF greater than 10 degree (similar to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety [IIHS] and EuroNCAP offset frontal testing) and vehicle maneuvers. For seatback contact, the vehicle's movements contributed to occupant kinematics inboard the vehicle, causing a less than optimal restraint of the torso and/or torso roll out of the shoulder belt. For side interior contact, the PDOF and/or maneuvers forced the occupant toward the side interior. The cases without evidence of head/face contact were characterized by high crash severity and accompanied by severe injuries to the thorax and spine. These data lead to increased understanding of the injury patterns and causation in this crash restraint scenario so that interventions to mitigate the burden of injury can be advanced.

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Kinematics, Injury Mechanisms and Design Considerations for Older Children in Adult Torso Belts

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Too Small for a Seatbelt: Predictors of Booster Seat Use by Child Passengers

Too Small for a Seatbelt: Predictors of Booster Seat Use by Child Passengers

Use of Child Booster Seats in Motor Vehicles Following a Community Campaign

Head Injury Causation Scenarios for Belted, Rear-Seated Children in Frontal Impacts

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