Kinematic modeling of a motorcycle rider for design of functional clothing

Abstract

Purpose Whilst motorcycling is an activity of pleasure in most parts of the world, in India, it is a regular mode of commuting. The number of registered motorized two wheelers increased at the rate of 14.7 percent during the year 2016-2017 to reach the figure of 20.19m in 2018. But, with this increase, the number of motorcycle road accidents is also increasing. Uncomfortable riding clothing is one of the major factors for motorcycle rider’s muscular fatigue, which might at times lead to serious accidents. No kinematic human models have been, so far, used for the design of protective, functional and aesthetic looking products, and the result is, hence, a compromised fit that is not protective or comfortable. The purpose of this paper is to develop virtual 3D human body models for specific postures of a motorcycle rider. Design/methodology/approach Kinematic analysis of a motorcycle rider was conducted to identify typical body postures obtained by the motorcycle rider while mounting and riding a motorcycle. The identified body postures were mapped on a virtual parametric human model to obtain digital model of a motorcycle rider. 3D garment patterns for jacket and trouser were developed on all the four body postures. 3D patterns were flattened out to get 2D flat patterns that were compared and analyzed, and appropriate pattern shapes from each of the four postures were selected. Virtual fit analysis was conducted for the finally garment. Findings It is well established that a static 2D anthropometry fails to accurately capture the dimensions of complex 3D human form, yielding poor garment fit. Therefore, in this study, virtual, 3D human body models were developed in selected dynamic poses. Garment patterns developed in 3D have the typical movement inbuilt in them; hence, they offer more comfort and ease of motion to the wearer. Originality/value The identification of typical body postures of motorcycle rider has not been done before. The CAD models developed in the study can be used for the generation of ergonomic garment patterns for the motorcycle riders.

Analysis of Dimensional Changes in the Lower Limbs During Movement for Sizing and Fit Development

“…Individual's range and speed of motion varies due to factors such as age, gender, health, fitness, and body morphology [10]. Movement as well as the factors that can affect an individual's mobility is often not considered during product development of SCGs [3,11] and the only published research focusing on movement related ease is for woven garments [4,5,6]. Ease is defined as the dimensional difference between the garment and the contour of the body [11], which can either be positive or negative; SCGs have negative ease as the garment is designed to be smaller than the body dimensions.…”

“…If applied pressures in motion can be predicted, alterations can be made to the knitted fabric itself and the pattern to create optimal fit. 3D scanning allows the capture of the body in static functional postures, which has been done in previous studies [2,4,10,13], to determine functional ease requirements for pattern development. However, there are limitations to the accuracy of the results if the intention is to replicate movement [10,11,14,15].…”

Review on the performance characteristics and quality standards of motorcycle protective clothing

“…Hence, the body measurements during various postures and movements need to be studied and considered during designing and constructing motorcycle protective clothing . 58,59 Kanika Jolly et al 60 in their research made the motorcycle placed at a fixed location, and the motorcycle riders were recommended to approach the motorcycle, to be seated, and acquire the riding posture. Three Canon D50 cameras were fixed on the tripod of 0.76 m height and kept at a distance of 3 m away from the rider.…”

“…Therefore, the motorcycle protective clothing developed with ergonomic standards will provide a better fit, comfort to the rider; and will not restrict the body movement or cause fatigue during riding. 60 Impact Protectors and its role on protective clothing Impact protectors have a risk reduction capability associated with soft tissue injury, but no protection associated with severe injuries. The reason could be the variations in quality parameters concerning impact protectors.…”

“…Kanika Jolly et al 60 in their research made the motorcycle placed at a fixed location, and the motorcycle riders were recommended to approach the motorcycle, to be seated, and acquire the riding posture. Three Canon D50 cameras were fixed on the tripod of 0.76 m height and kept at a distance of 3 m away from the rider.…”