Kinematic, kinetic and EMG patterns during downward squatting

Dionisio, Valdeci Carlos; Almeida, Gil Lúcio; Duarte, Marcos; Hirata, Rogério Pessoto

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.07.010

Cited by 138 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, this finding suggests that the effect occurring under the TT condition indicates an imbalanced posture during tiptoe strategy according to the wider area of occupation. Since static squatting could be equated to standing in terms of nonsupported vertical posture, our results are generally consistent with those of previous studies in which the tiptoe posture contributed to posture instability (Dionisio et al, 2006;Hof et al, 2005;Shimizu and Andrew, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These included the 12 The Relation between Postural Achievements acromion, the great trochanter, the lateral epicondylus, the lateral malleolus, and the fifth head of the metatarsophalangeal joint. As depicted in Figure 1A, the body joints were defined at the following locations: the hip joint (AЈ) connecting OA with OЈA, the ankle joint (BЈ) connecting OЈB with CB, and the head of the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint (CЈ) that was measured from BC with respect to the horizontal (Dionisio et al, 2006;Sriwarno et al, 2006). The value of body joint flexion was measured manually from the extracted photograph.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relation between the Changes of Postural Achievement, Lower Limb Muscle Activities, and Balance Stability in Three Different Deep-squatting Postures

Sriwarno¹,

Shimomura²,

Iwanaga³

et al. 2008

J Physiol Anthropol

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Deep squatting places a burden on the lower limb muscles and influences postural balance. We attempted to determine the effects of postural changes on the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, soleus, and extensor digitorum brevis muscles during squatting in 8 healthy male subjects. Three squatting conditions were involved: full squatting (FS), tiptoe squatting (TT), and tiptoe squatting on a 15°slope (TTS), performed randomly and recorded in a period of 4 min for each task. The influence of the squatting condition on electromyography and vertical ground reaction force parameters was examined in order to observe the effect of postural alteration on muscle activity and balance control. The results showed that the change of squatting posture from FS to TT decreased the activity of the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles. FS has been suspected as a main cause of musculoskeletal complaint during prolonged squatting. In contrast, as the heel was lifted, the extensor digitorum brevis muscle increased to 39% of maximum activation. On the other hand, sway analysis at TT showed balance instability regarding the large area occupation of the center of pressure displacement. The presence of a 15°slope significantly reduced the muscular load. This simple study suggests that the inclusion of a sloping surface in daily activities that requires a squatting posture would be an effective means to reduce muscular load.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation between the Changes of Postural Achievement, Lower Limb Muscle Activities, and Balance Stability in Three Different Deep-squatting Postures

Sriwarno¹,

Shimomura²,

Iwanaga³

et al. 2008

J Physiol Anthropol

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“…Fiber length (L F ) was estimated through muscle length (L M ) and known L F /L M ratios (Ward et al, 2009). EMG was estimated from measurements on healthy volunteers (Dionisio et al, 2008;Isear et al, 1997;Yavuz et al, 2015). Since EMG signals of these muscles were nearly proportional during squat, their force ratios were assumed constant.…”

Section: Knee Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A patient-specific model of total knee arthroplasty to estimate patellar strain: A case study

Latypova

Arami

Becce³

et al. 2016

Clinical Biomechanics

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Background: Inappropriate patellar cut during total knee arthroplasty can lead to patellar complications due to increased bone strain. In this study, we evaluated patellar bone strain of a patient who had a deeper patellar cut than the recommended. Methods: A patient-specific model based on patient preoperative data was created. The model was decoupled into two levels: knee and patella. The knee model predicted kinematics and forces on the patella during squat movement. The patella model used these values to predict bone strain after total knee arthroplasty. Mechanical properties of the patellar bone were identified with micro-finite element modeling testing of cadaveric samples. The model was validated with a robotic knee simulator and postoperative X-rays. For this patient, we compared the deeper patellar cut depth to the recommended one, and evaluated patellar bone volume with octahedral shear strain above 1%. Findings: Model predictions were consistent with experimental measurements of the robotic knee simulator and postoperative X-rays. Compared to the recommended cut, the deeper cut increased the critical strain bone volume, but by less than 3% of total patellar volume. Interpretation: We thus conclude that the predicted increase in patellar strain should be within an acceptable range, since this patient had no complaints 8 months after surgery. This validated patient-specific model will later be used to address other questions on groups of patients, to eventually improve surgical planning and outcome of total knee arthroplasty.

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“…The subjects were instructed to perform the squatting movement for each angle as fast as they can within one second. The participants were also instructed to keep the upper arm elevated to 90º at the shoulder joint, without moving the elbow, wrist and hand which was determined by the researcher through observation (Dionisio et al, 2008). Participants were told to inform the researcher for any discomforts that they might experience during the procedure.…”

Section: The Squatting Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ground reaction force during different angle of squatting

Dali¹,

Justine²,

Ahmad

et al. 2013

JHSE

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Dali, S., Justine, M., Ahmad, H. & Othman, Z. (2013). Comparison of ground reaction force during different angle of squatting. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 8(3), pp.778-787. Squatting is a form of closed kinetic chain movement which commonly being employed in exercise training. However, little is known regarding the amount of force being imposed on the knee at different angles of squat. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) at different angles of squatting among the military personnel. Thirty-seven subjects (age=27.1±2.77 years old) participated in this cross-sectional comparative study. The peak of VGRF was identified during squatting at 40º, 70º, and 110 º of knee flexion, which was measured using a force platform. The data were analysed using the one way repeated measure ANOVA and Pairwise Comparisons via Bonferroni adjustment. The VGRF were shown significantly different between the three angles of squatting (p<0.05). Since the Mauchly Test of Sphericity was significant (p>0 .05), the result was corrected using Greenhouse-Geiser Epsilon and continued to show a significant different [F (1.36, 49.08)=43.56] (p<0.05). The effect size was large (ηρ²=0.55). This study suggests that the angle of knee flexion during squatting exercise may influence VGRF. Deep squatting was found to generate the highest VGRF compared to semi and half squatting. Thus, it is suggested that squatting may be best performed at smaller angle in order to avoid excessive force that may be detrimental to the joint surface.

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Kinematic, kinetic and EMG patterns during downward squatting

Cited by 138 publications

References 32 publications

The Relation between the Changes of Postural Achievement, Lower Limb Muscle Activities, and Balance Stability in Three Different Deep-squatting Postures

The Relation between the Changes of Postural Achievement, Lower Limb Muscle Activities, and Balance Stability in Three Different Deep-squatting Postures

A patient-specific model of total knee arthroplasty to estimate patellar strain: A case study

Comparison of ground reaction force during different angle of squatting

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