Kinematic fixtures to enable multi-material printing and rapid non-destructive inspection during two-photon lithography

Saha, Sourabh K.; Uphaus, T M; Cuadra, Jefferson; Divin, Chuck; Ladner, Ian S.; Enstrom, Kenneth G.; Panas, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/j.precisioneng.2018.05.009

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, the user must first define this function for the printer, either by additional software modules or programming of the build file. Depending on the print complexity, this route may require significant user attention for the duration of the print due to the multiple steps of pausing the print, raising the build plate to allow the switching of resins, and reinitiating the print at the previous height. ,,, A strategy for both free and constrained surface photocuring includes injecting the material for each layer or material type (Figure b), thereby circumventing the need for vat exchange. ,,, For the few examples of manually switching resins with 2PSLA, alignment of the part between subsequent materials is a key issue and features are often added or built to aid in accurately printing small parts. − As well, laser writing parameters must be carefully adjusted to prevent overexposure and damage of the first material. , A few other studies have used other techniques combined with manually switching resins and are described in Sections and . ,, …”

Section: Multimaterials Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimaterial Vat Polymerization Additive Manufacturing

Sampson

Deore

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Additive manufacturing is the process of creating an object from a digital three-dimensional (3D) design using hardware that deposits and adds materials successively until the desired object is formed. Vat polymerization is a type of additive manufacturing technique that offers an attractive strategy for fabricating 3D objects due to its high resolution, versatility of feedstock materials, and high dimensional accuracy. However, the ability to spatially control the placement of multiple materials during vat polymerization is limited by mechanical designs that can restrict printing to a single photocurable resin, making it difficult to create complex geometries with embedded functionality. In this review, we highlight work-arounds that have been employed, such as manually switching resins, as well as two key areas of innovation: mechanical hardware design and the chemistry of materials. These methods include systems which automatically switch resin vats, volumetric additive manufacturing which overprints a secondary 3D structure on top of an existing object, and specially formulated, unique material chemistries, such as those which enable dual wavelength light to initiate orthogonal chemistry mechanisms, control of the degree of cross-linking with variation in light parameters, and phase separation of functional materials. Perspectives on the interplay of printer type and material chemistry, the constraints they impose on one another, and the future of multimaterial vat polymerization are described. In order for vat polymerization to emerge as a viable technology for multimaterial additive manufacturing, both mechanical hardware design and chemistry of materials must be codeveloped.

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Section: Multimaterials Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimaterial Vat Polymerization Additive Manufacturing

Sampson

Deore

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Other approaches are based on optical tracking methods [12,13]. Either a marker or an illuminated pinhole is used, whose position is detected by an imaging system.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This only allows measurement up to three DOF. In [12], a standard deviation of the reproducibility of 30 nm is given. According to [13], a resolution in the subnanometer range is possible, but only under certain conditions.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Table 3, all influencing parameters on the measurement uncertainty are shown. The worst expected reproducibility of the position of the kinematic coupling is estimated according to the state of the art [8,9,12,13]. Measuring range, resolution, material of the sensors, and permissible tilt of the sensor axis relative to the measuring surface are given in the datasheet of the manufacturer [20].…”

Section: Calculated Measurement Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Setup for the Investigation of Reproducibility of Novel Tool Changing Systems in Nanofabrication Machines

et al. 2021

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Nanomeasuring machines developed at the Technische Universität Ilmenau enable three-dimensional measurements and manufacturing processes with the lowest uncertainties. Due to the requirements for these processes, a highly reproducible and long-term stable tool changing system is needed. For this purpose, kinematically determined couplings are widely used. The state-of-the-art investigations on those are not sufficient for the highest demands on the reproducibility required for this application. A theoretical determination of the reproducibility based on analytical or numerical methods is possible, however not in the desired nanometer range. Due to this, a measurement setup for the determination of the reproducibility in five degrees of freedom with nanometer uncertainty was developed. First, potential measuring devices are systematically examined and measurement principles were developed out of this. A three-dimensional vector-based uncertainty analysis is performed to prove the feasibility of the measurement principle and provides a basis for further design. As a result, a translatory measurement uncertainty of 10 nm and a rotatory uncertainty of 11 nrad can be reached. Afterwards, the measurement setup is designed, focusing on the metrological frame and the lift-off device. The developed setup exceeds the uncertainties of the measurement setups presented in the state-of-the-art by an order of magnitude, allowing new in-depth investigations of the reproducibility of kinematic couplings.

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“…These studies have played a crucial role for understanding the relationship among the mechanical properties of steel bars, structure, and environment. However, due to the size limitations, the destructions of steel bars in microscale have not been well clarified (Zhang et al, 2016;Boscato et al, 2018;Saha et al, 2018;Nykyforchyn et al, 2019;Sienko et al, 2019). The fiber in reinforced concrete can be regarded as a layered structure in which the surface is composed by γ-FeOOH, γ-Fe 2 O 3, and iron from outside to inside.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Reinforced Passivation Film: A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Mater.

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Reinforced concrete is one of the most critical composite materials in the modern civil engineering and can improve the tensile resistance of concrete. Its passivation film plays an important role in the durability of concrete and the steel corrosion. But, due to the size limitations, the destruction of micro-scale steel bars has not been well studied. In this work, the reactive molecular dynamics simulation was employed to studying the mechanical properties of the steel and its passivation film. The uniaxial stretching of different compounds of γ-FeOOH, γ-Fe 2 O 3 and Fe was performed. We found that the oxidation can reduce the tensile strength of steel. For the three compounds of γ-FeOOH, γ-Fe 2 O 3 and Fe, the order of tensile strength from high to low is Fe > γ-Fe 2 O 3 > γ-FeOOH. But, the ductility of γ-FeOOH under x direction is increased. The detail microstructure analysis shown that the difference of tensile strength is origin from the coordination in the materials. The two kinds of stretching processes of whole system stretching (in the Fe phase and x direction of γ-FeOOH phase) and partly area stretching (in the Fe 2 O 3 phase and z direction of γ-FeOOH phase) were clarified. The external force is dispersed in whole system stretching but opposite in partly area stretching. This investigation leads to possible new direction for studying the tensile strength of materials, and the strategy of evaluating materials tensile strength can supply valuable information in evaluating and improving the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete.

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Kinematic fixtures to enable multi-material printing and rapid non-destructive inspection during two-photon lithography

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Multimaterial Vat Polymerization Additive Manufacturing

Multimaterial Vat Polymerization Additive Manufacturing

Experimental Setup for the Investigation of Reproducibility of Novel Tool Changing Systems in Nanofabrication Machines

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Reinforced Passivation Film: A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study

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