Kinematic and Electrophysiological Characteristics of Pedal Operation by Elderly Drivers during Emergency Braking

Fujita, Kazuki; Kobayashi, Yasutaka; Sato, Mahito; Hori, Hideaki; Sakai, Ryo; Ogawa, Tomoki; Sugano, Tomonari; Kawabata, Kaori; Hitosugi, Masahito

doi:10.3390/healthcare9070852

“…Maximal plantarflexion force is 32% lesser in the 90 bent knee than an extended knee (29). Moreover, probably only a fairly low plantar flexion force of 5%MVC or less is required in actual car-driving (30). Based on these, further research is warranted to determine whether the results of this study are recreated during actual driving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Motor unit firing patterns on increasing force during force and position tasks

Kunugi

¹

,

Holobar

²

,

Kodera

³

et al. 2021

Journal of Neurophysiology

4

0

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Different neurophysiological strategies are used to perform angle adjustments during motor tasks such as car driving and force-control tasks using a fixed-rigid pedal. However, the difference in motor unit behavior in response to an increasing exerted force between tasks is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the difference in motor unit responsiveness on increasing force between force and position tasks. Twelve healthy participants performed ramp and hold contractions during ankle plantarflexion at 20 and 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction using a rigid pedal (force task) and a free pedal with an inertial load (position task). High-density surface electromyograms were recorded of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and decomposed into individual motor unit firing patterns. Ninety and 109 motor units could be tracked between different target torques in each task. The mean firing rate increased and firing rate variability decreased on 10% maximal voluntary contraction force gain during both force and position tasks. There were no significant differences in these responses between the two tasks. Our results suggest that the motor unit firing rate is similarly regulated between force and position tasks in the medial gastrocnemius muscle with an increase in the exerted force.

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“…It can be seen from literature that over-speeding, disobeying the traffic rules, crossing the street, and illegally occupying lanes are four typical and most common types of violations [13]- [17]. Besides, through the test subjects studied for the driving test, it is known that straight, bend, and intersection are three typical and most common types of road conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) We classify driving behaviors in this study according to the basic error types of James Reason [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [16], the authors demonstrated the response time and steering duration of novice drivers are significantly longer than those of experienced drivers. Fujita et al [17] studied pedal operation during emergency braking. This work reported even though the elderly driver could take a similar period from receiving the visual stimulus to releasing the accelerator pedal as the younger driver, they should take a longer time to switch the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Driving Performance Under Violations of Traffic Rules: Novice vs. Experienced Drivers

Xu

¹

,

Guo

²

,

Sun

³

2022

IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh.

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It is of great significance for safe driving to study drivers' eye movement and driving operation behavior when they encounter other road users violating traffic rules. The underlying reason is that most drivers are unable to process the unexpected visual stimulation, which is more likely to lead to driving accidents, especially in a hybrid situation. In this study, a driving simulator is used to design driving scenarios and study the driving performance of drivers with different driving experiences when other road users violate traffic rules. The experimental results show that some novice drivers ignore the position of their own vehicle when they encounter traffic violations which will lead to the collision with other road users. Moreover, some novice drivers can only perform one of the operations between steering and braking to avoid collision in these emergent situations. They cannot reasonably combine braking and steering to complete emergency driving operations like experienced drivers. Finally, when the driving difficulty increases, experienced drivers spend less time looking and more time scanning their surroundings to ensure that they can cope with the more complex driving environment while novice drivers do the opposite. This study reveals the difference between novices and experienced drivers, which paves a useful reference for the future advanced driving assistance system.

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“…Driver's Emergency Response. Currently, observational indicators of a driver's emergency response mainly focus on physiological features [7,8], visual character [9][10][11], operational behavior [12,13], and reaction time [14][15][16][17]. For instance, Wang et al found that when encountering a pedestrian's abrupt jaywalking, a driver's growth rate of heart rate and low frequency value of heart rate variability increased with the decrease of emergency response distance when the vehicle speed remained unchanged [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study on Impact of Mood State on Emergency Response Capacity for Young Novice Drivers

Park

¹

,

Jing

²

,

Ma

³

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Transportation

0

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As young novice drivers are inclined to getting involved in traffic accidents due to their improper emergency response under sorts of gender affective state, namely, mood, widely generated in fast-paced urban life, it is of great necessary to study the impact of mood state on responsive capacity for young novice drivers. Fourteen college students were recruited to take part in complex reaction experiments for this pilot study. Each subject’s mood was collected through a simplified POMS scale, while their complex reaction time (CRT) and response error rate (RER) were acquired during the experiments. The study results showed that young novice drivers’ RER was significantly positively correlated (pc=0.323 ∗ ∗ , “pc” omitted next) with their score of total mood disturbance (TMD), and a logarithmic regression model was feasible to describe the correlations with a good fitting effect. Further, their RER was also significantly positively correlated with score of negative mood state components such as nervousness (0.290 ∗ ∗ ), anger (0.300 ∗ ∗ ), fatigue (0.278 ∗ ∗ ), depression (0.287 ∗ ∗ ), and fluster (0.261 ∗ ), and a quadratic or cubic regression model was suitable to describe the correlations. Additionally, the young novice drivers’ CRT was significantly positively correlated with score of nervousness (0.222 ∗ ∗ ), vigorousness (0.227 ∗ ), and fluster (0.273 ∗ ), and a quadratic or exponential regression model was suitable to describe the correlations. The results can provide theoretical support for developing targeted intervention to improve young novice drivers’ emergency response capacity for driving training or traffic management authorities.

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Kinematic and Electrophysiological Characteristics of Pedal Operation by Elderly Drivers during Emergency Braking

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Motor unit firing patterns on increasing force during force and position tasks

Motor unit firing patterns on increasing force during force and position tasks

Driving Performance Under Violations of Traffic Rules: Novice vs. Experienced Drivers

A Pilot Study on Impact of Mood State on Emergency Response Capacity for Young Novice Drivers

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