Kinematic and electromyographic analysis in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome during single leg triple hop test

Bioelectrical Activity of Vastus Medialis and Rectus Femoris Muscles in Recreational Runners with Anterior Knee Pain

“…Previous studies based on electromyographic measurements have shown that anterior knee pain in subjects with PFPS is related to an imbalance in lower limb muscles (Coqueiro et al, 2005; Laprade et al, 1998). Differences in muscle activity between subjects diagnosed with PFPS and control groups were demonstrated also by Callaghan et al (2001), Kalytczak et al (2016) and Miao et al (2015). Kalytczak et al (2016) observed that the subjects with PFPS exhibited a significant increase in the EMG activity of the biceps femoris and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles when compared with healthy individuals during the single leg triple hop test.…”

“…Differences in muscle activity between subjects diagnosed with PFPS and control groups were demonstrated also by Callaghan et al (2001), Kalytczak et al (2016) and Miao et al (2015). Kalytczak et al (2016) observed that the subjects with PFPS exhibited a significant increase in the EMG activity of the biceps femoris and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles when compared with healthy individuals during the single leg triple hop test. In addition, Miao et al (2015) showed that the muscle imbalance between the VMO and VL muscles existed in subjects with PFPS and could be one of the main factors leading to the development of PFPS.…”

“…Lower knee extension strength, causing imbalances in forces controlling patellar tracking during flexion and extension in the knee joint (Dixit et al, 2007), appears to be the most commonly reported risk factor for PFPS (Lankhorst et al, 2012). The unbalanced action of the quadriceps components and deficiencies in the activity of the dynamic muscle stabilizers of the knee, have been considered the most important biomechanical pathogenesis of PFPS (Giles et al, 2013; Kalytczak et al, 2016; Nunes et al, 2013). In relation to running, both footwear and running style can influence knee angular impulse, which can affect the development of PFPS (Cheung et al, 2006; Stefanyshyn et al, 2006).…”

Gait deviations of patients with ruptured anterior cruciate ligament: a cross-sectional gait analysis study on male patients

“…This phenomenon likely corresponds to a centrally controlled mechanism of the knee joint [ 26 ]. A study in a rat model showed that the central nervous system (CNS) regulates muscle activation to reduce the load within the joint [ 27 ]. We think that similar regulation occurs centrally in ACL-injured knees in terms of kinematic control of the joint.…”

Step down tests are the tasks that most differentiate the kinematics of women with patellofemoral pain compared to asymptomatic controls

“…During the one-legged landing, the kinematic changes found between women with and without PFP occur at different time in the task cycle [8]. It is known that moments before the landing of a one-legged jump and in its eccentric phase, women with PFP present an increase in the electromyographic activity of muscles that involve the knee joint, and this a possible mechanism of joint protection and stabilization to avoid the pain that the impact of the task can cause in the patellofemoral joint [27,28]. It is worth noting that kinematic changes do not seem to be influenced by the impact and demand of the task on people with PFP [29].…”