Kinematic Analysis of the Relationship Between the Grade of Disc Degeneration and Motion Unit of the Cervical Spine

Miyazaki, Masashi; Hong, Sun In; Yoon, Seung Hwan; Zou, Jun; Tow, Benjamin; Alanay, Ahmet; Abitbol, Jean-Jacques; Wang, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e3181604501

Cited by 117 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It also has implications for SCI, with cervical disc generation often associated with anterior compression of the spinal cord, and with accelerated progression in elderly persons (Okada et al, 2009). Slight to moderate disc degeneration can result in intervertebral instability (Dai, 1998;Miyazaki et al, 2008), which may potentially increase the risk of vertebral dislocations and neurological injuries associated with spinal cord shearing. In contrast, severe intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with increased intervertebral stability (Dai, 1998;Miyazaki et al, 2008) in part the result of osteophytosis at the discovertebral junction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slight to moderate disc degeneration can result in intervertebral instability (Dai, 1998;Miyazaki et al, 2008), which may potentially increase the risk of vertebral dislocations and neurological injuries associated with spinal cord shearing. In contrast, severe intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with increased intervertebral stability (Dai, 1998;Miyazaki et al, 2008) in part the result of osteophytosis at the discovertebral junction. Although they may assist in stabilizing the joint, osteophytic materials on posterior discovertebral junctions can result in cervical spondylosis and local pressure points that contribute to an increased risk of spinal cord compression injuries (Shedid and Benzel, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Advanced Age on the Morphometry and Degenerative State of the Cervical Spine in a Rat Model

Laing

Cox

Tetzlaff

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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Aging causes changes in the geometry of the human cervical spine that may influence the tissue response to applied loads. Rat models are often used to study spinal cord injuries (SCI) and have the potential to enhance our understanding of the effect of age on SCI. The goal of this study was to characterize the morphometry and degenerative state of the cervical spine in Fisher 344 rats, and to determine the influence of age on these variables. Fifteen rats were split into three age groups: young adult (3 months of age), aged (12-18 months) and geriatric (30 months). Following tissue harvest we used a lCT scanner to image the cervical and upper thoracic spine from each specimen. Analysis software was used to measure variables including canal pinch diameter (the most rostral point on the dorsal aspect of a vertebral body to the most caudal aspect of the lamina on the immediately rostral vertebra), vertebral canal depth, width, and area, vertebral body height, depth, width, and area, and intervertebral disc thickness. Orthopaedic surgeons used midsagittal images to rate the degenerative state of the intervertebral discs. For all measures except disc thickness there was a significant increase (mean (SD) ¼ 15.0 (9.7)%) for the aged compared to young specimens (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the aged and geriatric specimens for only vertebral body depth (P ¼ 0.016) and area (P ¼ 0.020). Intervertebral disc degeneration was significantly greater on the ventral aspect of the spinal column (P < 0.001), with a trend toward increased degeneration in the geriatric specimens (P ¼ 0.069). The results suggest that agerelated morphometric differences may need to be accounted for in experimental aging models of SCI in rats. Anat Rec, 294:1326Rec, 294: -1336Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Advanced Age on the Morphometry and Degenerative State of the Cervical Spine in a Rat Model

Laing

Cox

Tetzlaff

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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“…However, changes in the distribution of the cervical segmental mobility in the subjects with C5-6 stenosis were larger, mostly at the C4-5 segment, followed by C5-6. Miyazaki et al [16] reported that the C5-6 and C4-5 segments contributed the most to the total angular mobility of the cervical spine in the subjects with normal cervical intervertebral discs. However, the role of the C5-6 and C4-5 segments in the total angular mobility significantly decreased with severe intervertebral disc degenerative changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical spinal canal stenosis: the differences between stenosis at the lower cervical and multiple segment levels

Morishita

Naito

Wang

2010

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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The lower cervical segments are commonly the level responsible for cervical spondylotic myelopathy; however, we rarely encounter stenosis at the upper cervical segment in a clinical setting. We assumed that there might be some differences between the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of cervical canal stenosis at different segments. We performed positional MRI in the weight-bearing position for 295 consecutive symptomatic patients. All subjects were classified into four groups (A: normal; B: C3-4 stenosis; C: C5-6 stenosis; D: two-level cervical segments stenosis, stenosis at C3-4 and C5-6). Age, sagittal cervical canal diameter, cervical intervertebral disc degeneration, cervical cord compression, and cervical mobilities were evaluated for each group. Group B showed a narrow cervical spinal canal structure at the C3 to C4 pedicle levels, while groups C and D showed narrow structures at the C4 to C6 pedicle levels in the cervical spine. Additionally, the sagittal cervical canal diameters at all pedicle levels, except C7, in group D were significantly smaller than those observed in group C. We demonstrated the differences in the pathogenetic processes for the development of cervical spinal canal stenosis between C3-4, C5-6, and two-level cervical segments stenosis. Our results suggest that the developmental morphological structure of the cervical spinal canal plays an important role in the development of cervical canal stenosis at different segments. Moreover, individuals with sagittal cervical canal diameters of less than 13 mm may be exposed to an increased risk for future development of cervical spinal canal stenosis at the upper cervical segments following stenosis at the lower cervical segments.

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“…5 It is widely accepted that repetitive motion and micro-trauma accelerate degenerative changes in the spine. [24][25][26][27][28] Multiple studies have shown that a significant proportion of pre-operative range of motion remains following laminoplasty, from 61-81%. [29][30][31] Conversely, LF has been shown to allow less range of motion compared to laminoplasty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regression of Disc-Osteophyte Complexes Following Laminoplasty Versus Laminectomy with Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

et al. 2017

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Kinematic Analysis of the Relationship Between the Grade of Disc Degeneration and Motion Unit of the Cervical Spine

Abstract: The changes that occur with disc degeneration progress from the normal state to an unstable phase with higher mobility and subsequently to an ankylosed stage. This study evaluated the contribution of different levels to the changes in overall motion that occur with degeneration.

Cited by 117 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Advanced Age on the Morphometry and Degenerative State of the Cervical Spine in a Rat Model

Effects of Advanced Age on the Morphometry and Degenerative State of the Cervical Spine in a Rat Model

Cervical spinal canal stenosis: the differences between stenosis at the lower cervical and multiple segment levels

Regression of Disc-Osteophyte Complexes Following Laminoplasty Versus Laminectomy with Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

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