“…The first parallel manipulator has six degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) and was proposed by Gough and Whitewall 2 as the tire testing machine, and then used by Stewart 3 as the motion simulation platform. Nowadays, parallel manipulators are used in a wide range of applications, such as flight simulators, 4 pick-and-place, 5 medicine, 6 haptics, 7 etc. Moreover, in many industrial devices, such as solar panels, space antenna, telescopic mechanisms, and machine tools, it is required to orient a rigid body without changing its position.…”