Kindling Status in Sprague-Dawley Rats Induced by Pentylenetetrazole

Abstract

Kindled seizures are widely used as a model for epileptogenesis. Although the achievement of kindling criterion is known to require time to develop, the precise developmental period has not been identified. We now report that optimal achievement of the kindling criterion in the Sprague-Dawley rat is associated with a critical inter-stimulus interval of 24 to 26 days. We show that highly efficient kindling can be achieved with only two subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazole so long as they are given 25 days apart. Using Northern blot hybridization we show that the increased seizure susceptibility at 25 days coincides with an increased expression of the plasticity-associated proteins, growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mRNAs in the hippocampus. By in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry on tissue sections, we also show an increased expression for GAP-43 in the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus, mossy fibers, and pyramidal cells in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. The demonstration of a long, defined developmental interval for inducing the kindling criterion should enable a dissection of the cellular and genetic events underlying this phenomenon in the rat.

Effects of Intravenous Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy versus Gabapentin in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Chronic Epilepsy in Rats

“…In accordance with previous studies, the rats in this study were extremely susceptible to the development of kindling status by PTZ subconvulsant stimulation [33]. It is known that, by competitively interacting with GABA A receptors, PTZ induces convulsion in rats - presumably by impairing the GABA-mediated neuronal inhibition [34].…”

Repeated PTZ Treatment at 25-Day Intervals Leads to a Highly Efficient Accumulation of Doublecortin in the Dorsal Hippocampus of Rats

“…We previously reported that optimal kindling status is achieved when PTZ is administered within a tight time window of 25±1 day [1]. In the present study, we found that the number of DCX + cells also is maximal when PTZ is administered every 25 th day (Fig.…”

“…Kindling criterion was maintained by four subsequent subconvulsive doses of PTZ (30 mg/kg) given 25±1 days apart [1]. In order to evaluate cell accumulation and cellular phenotype, rats were given BrdU (50 mg/kg, i.p.)…”

Antiepileptic effects of electroacupuncture vs vagus nerve stimulation on cortical epileptiform activities

“…Cortical epileptiform activities were induced by slow injection (within 2 min) of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, Sigma, USA) via the jugular vein at 60 mg/100 g body weight [16]. Repeated injections with the same dose of PTZ were given when the epileptiform activities were dwindling, usually 1-2 h after the previous injection.…”