Killing of marine phytoplankton by a gliding bacterium Cytophaga sp., isolated from the coastal sea of Japan

Bridging the Gap between Knowing and Modeling Viruses in Marine Systems—An Upcoming Frontier

“…In the ERSEM model, for instance, it was formulated that lysis products from phytoplankton groups were partly particulate and partly dissolved, with the particulate fraction dependent on the actual nutrient cell quota (Baretta-Bekker et al, 1995, 1997. For primary producers, lysis was defined to included factors such as mechanical damage (e.g., sloppy feeding Imai et al, 1993;Strom et al, 1997), nutrient shortage (Berges and Falkowski, 1998), virus and bacteria activity (Imai et al, 1993(Imai et al, , 1995. A way to achieve this consisted in defining a background lysis rate, an increased lysis rate proportional to nutrient stress and a phytoplankton density dependent term.…”

What is the role and nature of programmed cell death in phytoplankton ecology?

“…Biological components of k d include pathogens, many of which have only recently been assessed. For example, viruses (Brussaard, 2004;Suttle, 2005) and bacteria (Cole, 1982;Imai et al, 1993) are recognized as important causes of phytoplankton mortality. Additional complexity is brought about by interactions between loss factors; the magnitude of mortality induced by nutrient limitation can be modified by bacteria (Brussaard & Riegman, 1998), for example.…”

Eutrophication and occurrences of harmful algal blooms in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

“…During the last two decades, algicidal bacteria have been identified in marine coastal ecosystems and have received attention concerning the termination of noxious red tides (Imai et al 1993a, Doucette et al 1998, Sakata 2000, Yoshinaga 2002, Mayali & Azam 2004, Salomon & Imai 2006. Temporal fluctuations of algicidal bacteria against the red tide causing raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo were studied in northern Hiroshima Bay, the Seto Inland Sea, and the dynamics of H. akashiwo killers revealed a close relationship with that of H. akashiwo populations (Imai et al 1998a, Yoshinaga et al 1998).…”