Killer character in Kluyveromyces yeasts: Activity on Kloeckera apiculata

Rosini, Gianfranco

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(87)90205-9

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…K. phaffii exhibits killer activity against apiculate yeasts (Kloeckera apiculata/H. uvarum) (22) and other spoilage yeasts (16). In order to assess the potential use of DBVPG -6076 in wine making we verified the following features: (i) the diffusion of killer activity among apiculate wine yeasts, (ii) the killer toxin activity at the conditions used in vinification, and (iii) the antiseptic effect compared with that of a chemical preservative agent used in wine making (SO 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Killer strains of S. cerevisiae show an antiyeast spectrum restricted to sensitive Saccharomyces strains except for a report on the killing of Torulopsis glabrata (37). Unlike the genus Saccharomyces a wide spectrum of intergeneric activity was reported for killer toxins from other genera such as Pichia (13,14,25), Hansenula (1,18), Williopsis (34), and Kluyveromyces (22,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Killer Toxin ofKluyveromyces phaffiiDBVPG 6076 as a Biopreservative Agent To Control Apiculate Wine Yeasts

Ciani

Fatichenti

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The use of Kluyveromyces phaffii DBVPG 6076 killer toxin against apiculate wine yeasts has been investigated. The killer toxin of K. phaffii DBVPG 6076 showed extensive anti-Hanseniaspora activity against strains isolated from grape samples. The proteinaceous killer toxin was found to be active in the pH range of 3 to 5 and at temperatures lower than 40°C. These biochemical properties would allow the use of K. phaffii killer toxin in wine making. Fungicidal or fungistatic effects depend on the toxin concentration. Toxin concentrations present in the supernatant during optimal conditions of production (14.3 arbitrary units) exerted a fungicidal effect on a sensitive strain of Hanseniaspora uvarum. At subcritical concentrations (fungistatic effect) the saturation kinetics observed with the increased ratio of killer toxin to H. uvarum cells suggest the presence of a toxin receptor. The inhibitory activity exerted by the killer toxin present in grape juice was comparable to that of sulfur dioxide. The findings presented suggest that the K. phaffii DBVPG 6076 killer toxin has potential as a biopreservative agent in wine making.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Killer Toxin ofKluyveromyces phaffiiDBVPG 6076 as a Biopreservative Agent To Control Apiculate Wine Yeasts

Ciani

Fatichenti

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The broad-spectrum KpKt activity against spoilage yeasts (Rosini & Cantini, 1987;Palpacelli et al, 1991) and its stability under winemaking conditions (Ciani & Fatichenti, 2001) are promising features for its potential use as a novel biopreservative agent in the wine and beverage industries. Therefore, the further characterization of this killer toxin is essential, with particular reference to its biochemical properties and its mode of action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kluyveromyces phaffii killer toxin active against wine spoilage yeasts: purification and characterization

et al. 2004

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The killer toxin secreted by Kluyveromyces phaffii (KpKt) is active against spoilage yeast under winemaking conditions and thus has potential applications in the biocontrol of undesired micro-organisms in the wine industry. Biochemical characterization and N-terminal sequencing of the purified toxin show that KpKt is a glycosylated protein with a molecular mass of 33 kDa. Moreover, it shows 93 % and 80 % identity to a b-1,3-glucanase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a b-1,3-glucan transferase of Candida albicans, respectively, and it is active on laminarin and glucan, thus showing a b-glucanase activity. Competitive inhibition of killer activity by cell-wall polysaccharides suggests that glucan (b-1,3 and b-1,6 branched glucans) represents the first receptor site of the toxin on the envelope of the sensitive target. Flow cytometry analysis of the sensitive target after treatment with KpKt and K1 toxin of S. cerevisiae, known to cause loss of cell viability via formation of pores in the cell membrane, suggests a different mode of action for KpKt. INTRODUCTIONKiller toxins were first discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Makower & Bevan (1963) and they have since been found in numerous other yeast genera (Philliskirk & Young, 1975; Stumm et al., 1977;Rosini, 1983Rosini, , 1985Starmer et al., 1987). Through the following years, killer yeasts and their toxins found applications in several fields. For example, killer yeasts have provided an interesting model for studying the mechanisms involved in the processing and secretion of extracellular proteins, and the identification of killer toxin receptors on the envelope of sensitive targets has helped in the elucidation of the structure and function of the yeast cell wall. Killer yeasts have been used to combat contaminating wild yeasts in the food and fermentation industries, and to control wooddecay basidiomycetes and plant-pathogenic fungi (Young, 1987; Boone et al., 1990;Palpacelli et al., 1991, van Vuuren & Jacobs, 1992Walker et al., 1995). In the medical field, these yeasts have been used in the biotyping of pathogenic yeasts and yeast-like fungi (Morace et al., 1989;Boeckhout & Scorzetti, 1997;Buzzini & Martini, 2001), and in the development of novel antimycotics for the treatment of human and animal fungal infections Seguy et al., 1998; Conti et al., 2002;Schmitt & Breinig, 2002).Recently, it has been shown that Kluyveromyces phaffii (since reclassified as Tetrapisispora phaffii) (Ueda-Nishimura & Mikata, 1999) produces a killer toxin (KpKt) that is active on wine spoilage yeasts (Ciani & Fatichenti, 2001). KpKt has an extensive anti-Hansenispora/Kloeckera activity under winemaking conditions and, therefore, is of particular interest for its potential application as an antimicrobial agent in the wine industry (Ciani & Fatichenti, 2001). At present, the inhibition of wild spoilage yeast at the prefermentative stage is achieved by the addition of SO 2 to freshly pressed must. This antiseptic agent, which has been shown to have a toxic action on humans, is also r...

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“…Possible applications of the killer phenomenon include the biocontrol of fermentation processes against contaminants derived from environmental sources [4][5][6], as well as the use of a panel of selected toxins for intraspeci c characterization of industrially and clinically interesting yeast cultures [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current literature describes the large-scale screening surveys on the killing properties of selected yeasts, but only against sensitive strains of environmental or industrial importance [6,[21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale screening of selectedCandida maltosa,Debaryomyces hanseniiandPichia anomalakiller toxin activity against pathogenic yeasts

Buzzini¹,

Martini²

2001

Med Mycol

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The killer activity of selected crude toxins produced by nine Candida maltosa, Debaryomyces hansenii and Pichia anomala strains was tested at 37 degrees C against 383 strains belonging to 19 pathogenic species of 10 genera (Candida, Clavispora, Cryptococcus, Filobasidiella, Issatchenkia, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Stephanoascus and Trichosporon). The broad killer spectra exhibited by all crude toxins may lead to the development of new antimycotic agents against medically important yeasts.

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Killer character in Kluyveromyces yeasts: Activity on Kloeckera apiculata

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Killer Toxin ofKluyveromyces phaffiiDBVPG 6076 as a Biopreservative Agent To Control Apiculate Wine Yeasts

Killer Toxin ofKluyveromyces phaffiiDBVPG 6076 as a Biopreservative Agent To Control Apiculate Wine Yeasts

Kluyveromyces phaffii killer toxin active against wine spoilage yeasts: purification and characterization

Large-scale screening of selectedCandida maltosa,Debaryomyces hanseniiandPichia anomalakiller toxin activity against pathogenic yeasts

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