Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: chronology and morphology of the surficial lava flows

Kīlauea summit overflows: their ages and distribution in the Puna District, Hawai'i

“…of samples collected; R vector sum of N unit vectors; k concentration parameter (Fisher 1953); a 95 radius of 95% confidence; l p , w p north latitude and east longitude of corrected virtual geomagnetic pole. Ages are in calendar years before present (BP, AD 1950) a Originally published in Holcomb (1981), Holcomb et al (1986), and Holcomb (1987) b Published in Hagstrum and Champion (1994) Geologic observations…”

Geothermal resources assessment in Hawaii. Final report

“…Moore (1971), and Wright and Fiske (1971) detailed historic lava flows originating in the ERZ and developed structural models of the rift based on the locations and progressions of recorded eruptive cycles. These studies have more recently been expanded upon by Holcomb (1980Holcomb ( , 1981 and R. Moore (1982Moore ( , 1983 who have presented more detailed mapping of all surface flows (historic and prehistoric), fissures and faulting on the eastern flank of the Kilauea shield.…”

“…The instability of the southern flank is evidenced by more frequent earthquake activity on the southern edge of the rift (Koyanagi et al, 1981) as well as the presence of numerous fault scarps having vertical reliefs of several hundred meters (Figure 50). Work recently completed by Holcomb (1981) suggests that the older northern portion of the rift zone may now be hidden by more recent surface flows; hence the width of the rift zone may be substantially broader than is evidenced by surface manifestations. Recent interpretations of gravity and magnetic data (Furumoto, 1978a) have also inferred a much broader -up to 30 km -rift zone than has been inferred from geologic features.…”

Historical unrest at large calderas of the world

“…Two summit calderas have been identified at Kilauea--a prominent, 3 km x 5 km diameter caldera nested within an older, 8-km-diameter caldera that is largely filled by subsequent lava flows (figs. 13.1.4, 13.1.5) (Holcomb, 1980(Holcomb, , 1987. Halemaumau is a small pit crater on the floor of the inner, modern caldera.…”

“…More than one-half of Mauna Loa has been buried by flows during the past 1,500 years, and almost 90 percent has been buried within the last 4,000 years (Lockwood and Lipman, 1987). Mokuaweoweo Caldera is the younger and smaller of two calderas at the summit of Mauna Loa (Holcomb, 1980) Eruptions are defined to begin with the arrival of magma at the surface and to end when tremor at the vent ceases for at least several days. Several historical eruptions have followed a pattern in which a summit eruption was followed by another summit eruption 2 to 3 years later, then by a flank eruption starting 1 to 4 days later (Lockwood and others, 1976;Lockwood and others, 1987, p. 544).…”