Kidney disease associated with androgenic–anabolic steroids and vitamin supplements abuse: Be aware!

Filho, Sérgio Luiz Arruda Parente; Gomes, Pedro Eduardo Andrade de Carvalho; Forte, Guilherme Aguiar; Lima, Laio Ladislau Lopes; Júnior, Geraldo Bezerra da Silva; Meneses, Gdayllon Cavalcante; Martins, Alice Maria Costa; Daher, Elizabeth De Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.nefroe.2019.06.005

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In this respect, Loh et al (2017) demonstrated that the elevated testosterone associated with AASs use increased the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) two four, and six in the collecting duct and AQPs-1 and sevene in the proximal convoluted tubule, consequently raised blood pressure, and increased water reabsorption resulting in hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Besides, AASs-induced direct glomerular toxicity due to increased body mass and glomerular hyperfiltration has been suggested as injury mechanisms (Parente Filho et al, 2020). The high level of urea concentration in serum is affected by high uric acid and hypophosphatemia (Gabr et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, chronic kidney illness remains long asymptomatic before diagnosis in AASs users. Besides, because of its growing muscle mass, creatinine levels are often high in AASs-treated patients, even in the absence of renal injury ( Parente Filho et al, 2020 ). The increase in urea concentration with the AASs use is attributed to the severe reduction in kidney function ( Herlitz et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boldenone Undecylenate-Mediated Hepatorenal Impairment by Oxidative Damage and Dysregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptors Expressions: Vitamin C Preventive Role

Behairy¹,

Mohamed²,

Ebraheim³

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Boldenone Undecylenate (BLD) is a synthetic derivative of testosterone and a widely used anabolic androgenic steroid. The health risk of BLD use as a pharmaceutical or dietary supplement is still underestimated and under-reported. Vitamin C (VC) has been recognized as an antioxidant with prominent hepatorenal protective effects. This study investigated the possible preventive activity of VC against BLD-induced hepatorenal damage. Forty adult male Wistar rats were classified into five groups: control, vehicle control, VC (orally given 120 mg/kg b. wt./day), BLD (intramuscularly injected 5 mg/kg b. wt./week), and BLD + VC-treated groups. The experiment continued for eight weeks. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. Serum contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (VLDL-C) were also assayed. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels were determined together with sodium and potassium electrolytes measuring. Moreover, oxidative stress indicators including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GSR) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in both hepatic and renal tissues. Corresponding histological examination of renal and hepatic tissues was conducted. Besides, immunohistochemical evaluations for androgen receptors protein (AR) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) expressions were performed. BLD caused significant rises in serum ALT, AST, TP, ALB, TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium, and MDA levels. Further, BLD-injected rats showed significant declines in the serum levels of HDL-C, sodium, GSH, GPx, GST, and GSR. Besides, distinct histopathological perturbations were detected in renal and hepatic tissues of BLD-injected rats. AR and Hsp 90 immunoexpression were increased in hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast, VC significantly reversed the BLD-induced hepatorenal damage in co-treated rats but not ameliorated AR protein overexpression. VC could be an efficient preventive supplement for mitigating BLD-induced hepatorenal damage, possibly via controlling oxidative stress events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boldenone Undecylenate-Mediated Hepatorenal Impairment by Oxidative Damage and Dysregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptors Expressions: Vitamin C Preventive Role

Behairy¹,

Mohamed²,

Ebraheim³

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…The various processes mentioned above that occur after an HPD may lead to the increases in hemodynamic and metabolic burden in the kidneys followed by deterioration of long-term kidney function. Especially in athletes and bodybuilders, who typically maintain a very high protein intake for long periods and often have CKD or at risk of CKD thereof [31 ▪ ], HPD may lead to high dietary protein-induced nephropathy (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Linking High Protein Diet and Chronic K...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting glomerular hyperfiltration and examining the concept of high dietary protein-related nephropathy in athletes and bodybuilders

Cho

Choi

Kang

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Nephrology &Amp; Hypertension

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Purpose of reviewHigh-protein diets (HPDs) are popular but their consequences for kidney health, especially among athletes and bodybuilders who typically maintain a high protein intake for a long time, have not been investigated. This review focused on recent studies of the association of HPD with long-term kidney health and the concept of high dietary protein-related nephropathy. Recent findingsSeveral long-term observational studies including large populations have reinforced the notion that HPDs are associated with a rapid decline of kidney function. An increase in renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration caused by vasodilation, and increased levels of endocrine and paracrine factors (glucagon, IGF-1, prostanoids, and nitric oxide), facilitates the excretion of protein-derived nitrogenous waste. Inhibition of tubule-glomerular feedback and increased proximal tubular Na þ reabsorption after a HPD augment glomerular hyperfiltration and may trigger synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis reported in association with anabolic steroid may indeed be a HPD nephropathy given that HPD results in progressive glomerulosclerosis, especially in remnant glomeruli or in diabetic kidney disease but can happen in any high-risk situation, such as solitary kidney and polycystic kidneys. SummaryHPD among athletes and bodybuilders in an extreme way across a long-term period may pose a risk to renal health including high incidence of HPD nephropathy.

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“…Dentre as consequências biológicas mais significativas, podemos citar as mudanças metabólicas que afetam principalmente o fígado e o sistema cardiovascular, que por sua vez aumentam os níveis de colesterol no organismo e diminuição do centro respiratório, que colocam a vida da pessoa em risco de morrer, disfunção erétil, hipertrofia prostática, hipogonadismo e ginecomastia (PARENTE FILHO et al, 2020). Nas mulheres também se observa amenorreia ou ciclos menstruais irregulares.…”

Section: Consequências Biológicasunclassified

Uma Análise Comparativa De Livros Didáticos Atuais De Brasil E Argentina Sobre a Presença Das Histórias Um Do Outro

Rocha¹,

Dias²

2020

Reflexões Sobre as Ciências Humanas

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Market adaptaram à eletroforese métodos histoquímicos de coloração, para localizar as zonas de atividade enzimática diretamente no meio suporte. Linn e Arber em 1968 descobriram as enzimas de restrição que cortam o DNA em pontos específicos fornecendo as respaldo para, em 1973, Stanley, Cohen e Brown isolarem genes e introduzi-los em outro organismo via Agrobacterium. A manipulação do material genético começou efetivamente em 1973, na Universidade de Stanford, nos EUA, quando o Dr. Paul Berg conseguiu unir sequência de DNA de Escherichia coli à do vírus Simian papilona. Esse feito pode ser considerado o marco zero da denominada 'era genômica' (RAMALHO & LAMBERT, 2004). Posteriormente, em fevereiro de 1977, os bioquímicos norte-americanos David Glover e David Hogness, da Stanford University School of Medicine, foram os primeiros a relatar, que os genes eucarióticos codificadores de RNAs ribossomais são interrompidos. No mesmo ano, vários pesquisadores, como Richard Roberts do Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory (EUA), Philip Sharp, do

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Kidney disease associated with androgenic–anabolic steroids and vitamin supplements abuse: Be aware!

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Boldenone Undecylenate-Mediated Hepatorenal Impairment by Oxidative Damage and Dysregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptors Expressions: Vitamin C Preventive Role

Boldenone Undecylenate-Mediated Hepatorenal Impairment by Oxidative Damage and Dysregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptors Expressions: Vitamin C Preventive Role

Revisiting glomerular hyperfiltration and examining the concept of high dietary protein-related nephropathy in athletes and bodybuilders

Uma Análise Comparativa De Livros Didáticos Atuais De Brasil E Argentina Sobre a Presença Das Histórias Um Do Outro

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