Kickboxing sport as a new cause of traumatic brain injury‐mediated hypopituitarism

Tanrıverdi, Fatih; Ünlühızarcı, Kürşad; Çoksevim, Bekir; Selçuklu, Ahmet; Casanueva, Felipe F.; Keleştimur, Fahrettin

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02737.x

Cited by 112 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…It is interesting that only recently has research begun to examine the role of pituitary injury in TBI to functional outcome, even in concussion (Acerini et al, 2006;Kelestimur, 2005;Kelly et al, 2006;Tanriverdi et al, 2007). As shown by the Bayly et al (2005) and Viano et al (2005b) studies, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is particularly vulnerable to physical strain in concussion.…”

Section: Confounding Factors That Must Be Considered In the Design Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome

Bigler

2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

358

248

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On the mild end of the acquired brain injury spectrum, the terms concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have been used interchangeably, where persistent post-concussive syndrome (PPCS) has been a label given when symptoms persist for more than three months post-concussion. Whereas a brief history of concussion research is overviewed, the focus of this review is on the current status of PPCS as a clinical entity from the perspective of recent advances in the biomechanical modeling of concussion in human and animal studies, particularly directed at a better understanding of the neuropathology associated with concussion. These studies implicate common regions of injury, including the upper brainstem, base of the frontal lobe, hypothalamic-pituitary axis, medial temporal lobe, fornix, and corpus callosum. Limitations of current neuropsychological techniques for the clinical assessment of memory and executive function are explored and recommendations for improved research designs offered, that may enhance the study of long-term neuropsychological sequelae of concussion. (JINS, 2008, 14, 1-22.)

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Section: Confounding Factors That Must Be Considered In the Design Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome

Bigler

2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

358

248

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“…19 Studies in kickboxers and retired boxers also have reported relatively high rates of hypopituitarism; in one report, isolated GH deficiency (GHD) was documented in 45% of subjects, and the severity of GHD correlated with the number of bouts and boxing career duration. [20][21][22][23] In another study by Bondanelli and colleagues, chronic hypopituitarism was observed in 37% of mTBI patients. 10 Given the high rate of repetitive head impact and recurrent concussion in professional football players, and the depression, poor QoL, and obesity that are relatively common among NFL retirees, we hypothesized that pituitary dysfunction could be a contributing factor to their poor physical and mental health status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 Small case series in boxing and kickboxing have shown a high rate of GHD, and one case report highlighted the association between repeat concussion in an adolescent athlete and subsequent anterior hypopituitarism. 15,19,[21][22][23]48 Quality of life, erectile dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and obesity…”

Section: Previous Studies On Postconcussive Hypopituitarismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Pituitary Hormone Dysfunction, Metabolic Syndrome, and Impaired Quality of Life in Retired Professional Football Players: A Prospective Study

Kelly

Chaloner

Evans

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Hypopituitarism is common after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Herein, we address the association between mild TBI (mTBI) and pituitary and metabolic function in retired football players. Retirees 30-65 years of age, with one or more years of National Football League (NFL) play and poor quality of life (QoL) based on Short Form 36 (SF-36) Mental Component Score (MCS) were prospectively enrolled. Pituitary hormonal and metabolic syndrome (MetS) testing was performed. Using a glucagon stimulation test, growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was defined with a standard cut point of 3 ng/mL and with a more stringent body mass index (BMI)-adjusted cut point. Subjects with and without hormonal deficiency (HD) were compared in terms of QoL, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores, metabolic parameters, and football career data. Of 74 subjects, 6 were excluded because of significant non-football-related TBIs. Of the remaining 68 subjects (mean age, 47.3 -10.2 years; median NFL years, 5; median NFL concussions, 3; mean BMI, 33.8 -6.0), 28 (41.2%) were GHD using a peak GH cutoff of < 3 ng/mL. However, with a BMI-adjusted definition of GHD, 13 of 68 (19.1%) were GHD. Using this BMI-adjusted definition, overall HD was found in 16 (23.5%) subjects: 10 (14.7%) with isolated GHD; 3 (4.4%) with isolated hypogonadism; and 3 (4.4%) with both GHD and hypogonadism. Subjects with HD had lower mean scores on the IIEF survey ( p = 0.016) and trended toward lower scores on the SF-36 MCS ( p = 0.113). MetS was present in 50% of subjects, including 5 of 6 (83%) with hypogonadism, and 29 of 62 (46.8%) without hypogonadism ( p = 0.087). Age, BMI, median years in NFL, games played, number of concussions, and acknowledged use of performance-enhancing steroids were similar between HD and non-HD groups. In summary, in this cohort of retired NFL players with poor QoL, 23.5% had HD, including 19% with GHD (using a BMI-adjusted definition), 9% with hypogonadism, and 50% had MetS. Although the cause of HD is unclear, these results suggest that GHD and hypogonadism may contribute to poor QoL, erectile dysfunction, and MetS in this population. Further study of pituitary function is warranted in athletes sustaining repetitive mTBI.

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“…Makroadenomlar daha fazla oranda hipofizer yetmezliğe neden olurken (%30-60) nonfonksiyone mikroadenomların da (%42) BH eksikliğine neden olduğu gösterilmiştir [11]. Son dönemlerde yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda beyin hasarı (travmatik beyin hasarı, spora bağlı tekrarlaycı kafa travması ve subaraknoid kanaması) olan hastaların da hipofizer yetmezlik açısından değerlendirilmesi gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır [12][13][14]. Özellikle şuur kaybı olan ve 24 saat hastanede kalan travmatik beyin hasarı olanlar travmadan 6-12 ay sonra hipofizer yetmezlik açısından değerlendirilmelidir [15].…”

Section: Erişkin Dönemde Başlayan Bh Eksikliğiunclassified

Erişkinlerde büyüme hormonu tedavisi

Kilicli¹,

Dökmetaş²

2012

CMJ

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ÖzetBüyüme hormonu sentezi yaşam boyu devam eden, anabolizan etkisi olan, lipoliz ve karbonhidrat metabolizmasını etkileyen bir hormondur. Bin dokuz yüz seksenlerin 2. yarısına kadar çoğu endokrinolog erişkinlerde görülen büyüme hormonu eksikliğinin klinik bir sorun olmadığını düşünmekteydi. Erişkinlerde görülen büyüme hormonu eksikliği yaşam beklentisinde azalma, kardiyovasküler morbidite ve prematür aterosklerozda artış, vücut kompozisyonunda değişiklik, osteoporoz, egzersiz toleransında azalma ve yaşam kalitesinde düşme ile ilişkilidir. Büyüme hormonu replasman tedavisi, erişkin tip büyüme hormonu eksikliği olan hipofizer yetmezliği olanlarda faydalı etkiler gösterir. Büyüme hormonu eksikliği olanlarda büyüme hormonu tedavisi ile yaşam kalitesi, kemik mineral dansitesi, vücut kompozisyonu, egzersiz toleransı, lipid profili ve kan şekeri gibi vasküler risk faktörlerinde olumlu değişiklikler olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çocukluk döneminde başlayan büyüme hormonu eksikliklerinde, erişkin boya ulaştıktan sonra, büyüme hormonu durumu geçiş döneminde yeniden değerlendirilmelidir. Böylece maksimum kemik ve kas artışı gibi tam somatik gelişimi sağlamak için BH replasmanına devam edilip edilmeyeceğine karar verilebilir. Anahtar sözcükler: Büyüme hormonu eksikliği, tedavi Abstract Growth hormone secretion occurs throughout life and is known to have profound effects on anabolism, lipolysis, and carbohydrate metabolism. Until the second half of 1980's growth hormone deficiency in adult life was not considered as a clinical problem by most endocrinologists. Growth hormone deficiency in adults is associated with reduced life expectancy, increased cardiovascular morbidity and premature atherosclerosis, changes in body composition, osteoporosis, reduced exercise tolerance and reduced quality of life. Growth hormone replacement therapy has important beneficial effects in adult hypopituitary patients with growth hormone deficiency. It is shown that growth hormone therapy has a positive influence in growth hormone deficiency patients on quality of life, bone mineral density, body composition, exercise tolerance and vascular risk factors such as blood glucose levels and lipid profile. In patients with childhoodonset growth hormone deficiency, after cessation of linear growth, growth hormone status should be reevaluated in the transition age for continued growth hormone replacement to achieve full somatic development including the maintenance of maximal bone and muscle mass.

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Kickboxing sport as a new cause of traumatic brain injury‐mediated hypopituitarism

Cited by 112 publications

References 43 publications

Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome

Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome

Prevalence of Pituitary Hormone Dysfunction, Metabolic Syndrome, and Impaired Quality of Life in Retired Professional Football Players: A Prospective Study

Erişkinlerde büyüme hormonu tedavisi

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