Ki‐67 As a Prognostic Marker in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Assessed With the Monoclonal Antibody MIB1 in Paraffin Sections

Nordgård, Ståle; Franzen, G; Boysen, Morten; Halvorsen, Tore

doi:10.1097/00005537-199704000-00019

Cited by 69 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However in accordance with our study ,in all of these studies the frequency of Ki67 expression was lower in benign tumor in comparison with malignant tumors and lower in ACC than MEC (Hollstein et al, 1991;Nordgard et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Expression of Ki67 and CD105 as Proliferation and Angiogenesis Markers in Salivary Gland Tumors

Andisheh-Tadbir¹,

Pardis²,

Ashkavandi³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Objective: To investigate the association between CD105 and tumor cell proliferation in salivary gland tumors. Methods: In this study, 59 samples of salivary tumors from Khalili Hospital archive, including 20 cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA), 20 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and 19 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, as well as 10 cases of normal salivary gland tissue, were reviewed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD105 and Ki67 staining. Results: CD105 positive vessels were absent in normal salivary gland tissue in the vicinity of tumors (51.6% of all tumors were positive). There was a statistically significant difference in frequency of CD105 staining between PA and malignant tumors and between four groups of different lesions (p<0.000) being highest in MEC. Intratumoral microvessel density was also elevated in malignant neoplasms (2.61±3.1) as compared to PA (0.46±0.6). Normal salivary glands did not express Ki67. There was a statistically significant difference in frequency and percentage of Ki67 immunoreactivity in malignant neoplasms (86.5% and 10.7±10.8 respectively) compared to PA (50% and 0.78±0.2) and among the four groups values were highest in MEC (p<0.000). Conclusion: n this study, it was observed a higher rate of angiogenesis and cellular proliferation was noted in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors, but no correlation was observed between these two markers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Expression of Ki67 and CD105 as Proliferation and Angiogenesis Markers in Salivary Gland Tumors

Andisheh-Tadbir¹,

Pardis²,

Ashkavandi³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Using a cutoff of 5 % or higher, there was no statistically significant difference in outcome for those with a high proliferation index versus those with a low proliferation index: mean 8.2 versus 10.5 years, respectively; and 64.3 versus 53.6 % dead of disease, respectively. This is different from others who have reported a statistically significant difference [76,77,105]. However, an increased ki-67 index is noted in pleomorphic adenoma that undergo malignant transformation to ACC ex-pleomorphic adenoma [105,145,146].…”

Section: Immunohistochemical Studiescontrasting

confidence: 91%

Sinonasal Tract and Nasopharyngeal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic and Immunophenotypic Study of 86 Cases

Thompson

Penner

Ho³

et al. 2013

Head and Neck Pathol

119

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'Primary sinonasal tract and nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinomas (STACC) are uncommon tumors that are frequently misclassified, resulting in inappropriate clinical management. Eighty-six cases of STACC included 45 females and 41 males, aged 12-91 years (mean 54.4 years). Patients presented most frequently with obstructive symptoms (n = 54), followed by epistaxis (n = 23), auditory symptoms (n = 12), nerve symptoms (n = 11), nasal discharge (n = 11), and/or visual symptoms (n = 10), present for a mean of 18.2 months. The tumors involved the nasal cavity alone (n = 25), nasopharynx alone (n = 13), maxillary sinus alone (n = 4), or a combination of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (n = 44), with a mean size of 3.7 cm. Patients presented equally between low and high stage disease: stage I and II (n = 42) or stage III and IV (n = 44) disease. Histologically, the tumors were invasive (bone: n = 66; neural: n = 47; lymphovascular: n = 33), composed of a variety of growth patterns, including cribriform (n = 33), tubular (n = 16), and solid (n = 9), although frequently a combination of these patterns was seen within a single tumor. Pleomorphism was mild with an intermediate N:C ratio in cells containing hyperchromatic nuclei. Reduplicated basement membrane and glycosaminoglycan material was commonly seen. Necrosis (n = 16) and atypical mitotic figures (n = 11) were infrequently present. Pleomorphic adenoma was present in 9 cases; de-differentiation was seen in two patients. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive reactions for pan-cytokeratin, CK7, CK5/6, CAM5.2, and EMA, with myoepithelial reactivity with SMA, p63, calponin, S100 protein and SMMHC. CD117, CEA, GFAP and p16 were variably present. CK20 and HR HPV were negative. STACC needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of most sinonasal malignancies, particularly poorly differentiated carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma and pleomorphic adenoma. Surgery (n = 82), often accompanied by radiation therapy (n = 36), was generally employed. A majority of patients developed a recurrence (n = 52) 2-144 months after initial presentation. Overall mean follow-up was 19.4 years (range 0.4-37.5 years): 46 patients died with disease (mean 6.4 years); 5 were alive with disease (mean 5.4 years), and 35 patients were either alive or had died of unrelated causes (mean 16.3 years). ACC of the SNT is uncommon. Recurrences are common. The following parameters, when present, suggest an increased incidence of either recurrence or dying with disease: mixed site of involvement, high stage disease (stage IV), skull base involvement, tumor 123Head and Neck ) 8:88-109 DOI 10.1007 recurrence, a solid histology, perineural invasion, bone invasion, and lymphovascular invasion.

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“…It has to be emphasized in this context, that no valid reference system defining low or high levels of Ki-67 expression in salivary gland tumors has been established so far. 5,6 For statistical analysis, the results of Ki-67 staining were, therefore, classified by the authors through quantitative scoring in 3 grades (Grade 1, 1-25% stained cells; Grade 2, 26 -50% stained cells; Grade 3, Ͼ 50% stained cells).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giannoni et al 6 reported that benign tumors in the minor salivary glands commonly showed a proliferation rate Ͻ 12%. However, Norgard et al 5 described a significantly higher rate of recurrent disease in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, with a proliferation rate (Ki-67) Ͼ 4%. In the current study, 73.5% of the patients showed a proliferation rate Ͼ 25%, with an average proliferation rate of 34.8%, which within this context has to be interpreted as being very high.…”

Section: Table 4 Prognostically Significant Factors In Sdc Clinical Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and immunohistologic typing of salivary duct carcinoma

Jaehne

Roeser

Jaekel

et al. 2005

Cancer

291

346

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BACKGROUNDDue to the low incidence of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), only limited data in regard to the biologic behavior of this tumor and its immunohistochemical characteristics are available. The authors analyzed the clinical, molecular, and genetic profile of SDC and identified prognostic factors.METHODSThe follow‐up of 50 patients with SDC was obtained and paraffin‐embedded tumor samples were examined immunohistochemically. In all samples, the expression of Ki‐67, HER‐2, and the oncoproteins p16 and p53 was examined immunohistochemically, followed by a mutation analysis of p16 and p53. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and prognostic variables were analyzed with the log‐rank test.RESULTSSDC predominantly effected male patients (66%) in their 7th decade of life. SDC mainly occurred in the parotid gland (78%; submandibular gland, 12%; minor salivary glands, 10%). Approximately two‐thirds of the patients (33 of 50) presented with a T3/T4 tumor. In 28 patients (56%), cervical lymph node metastasis was present at the time of diagnosis. Local disease recurrence was observed in 48% of patients an average of 17.4 months after initial treatment. Distant disease metastasis developed in 48% of patients an average of 29 months after initial treatment. The average overall survival period was 56.2 months. In the current study, 20.6% of the probes with positive HER‐2/neu expression were (+++) positive. p53 was expressed in 83.9% of the tumor samples. In 11.8% of the tumor samples, there was a lack of p16 expression.CONCLUSIONSMutations of the p53 gene were more frequent in tumor samples with (++) and (+++) immunoreactivity and mainly affected exons 7 and 8. A mutation of the p16 gene was only found in 1 tumor sample. Expression of HER‐2/neu and p53 was statistically linked (P < 0.05) to early local disease recurrence, distant disease metastasis, and survival rates. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

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Ki‐67 As a Prognostic Marker in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Assessed With the Monoclonal Antibody MIB1 in Paraffin Sections

Cited by 69 publications

References 24 publications

Expression of Ki67 and CD105 as Proliferation and Angiogenesis Markers in Salivary Gland Tumors

Expression of Ki67 and CD105 as Proliferation and Angiogenesis Markers in Salivary Gland Tumors

Sinonasal Tract and Nasopharyngeal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic and Immunophenotypic Study of 86 Cases

Clinical and immunohistologic typing of salivary duct carcinoma

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