Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Benthic Systems

Raine, Robin; Berdalet, Elisa; Yamazaki, Hidekatsu; Jenkinson, Ian R.; Reguera, B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70069-4_13

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Marine benthic dinoflagellates are important primary producers and most of their representatives are potentially toxic [1]. Recently, this group of organisms has received significant scientific attention since the occurrence of benthic harmful algal blooms (HAB) has increased worldwide [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates on grazing, behavior and survival of the brine shrimp Artemia salina

et al. 2017

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Harmful algae may differently affect their primary grazers, causing sub-lethal effects and/or leading to their death. The present study aim to compare the effects of three toxic benthic dinoflagellates on clearance and grazing rates, behavioral changes, and survival of Artemia salina. Feeding assays consisted in 1-h incubations of brine shrimps with the toxic Prorocentrum lima, Gambierdiscus excentricus and Ostreopsis cf. ovata and the non-toxic Tetraselmis sp. Brine shrimps fed unselectively on all toxic and non-toxic algal preys, without significant differences in clearance and ingestion rates. Acute toxicity assays were performed with dinoflagellate cells in two growth phases during 7-h to assess differences in cell toxicity to A. salina. Additionally, exposure to cell-free medium was performed to evaluate its effects on A. salina survival. The behavior of brine shrimps significantly changed during exposure to the toxic dinoflagellates, becoming immobile at the bottom by the end of the trials. Dinoflagellates significantly affected A. salina survival with 100% mortality after 7-h exposure to cells in exponential phase (all treatments) and to P. lima in stationary phase. Mortality rates of brine shrimps exposed to O. cf. ovata and G. excentricus in stationary phase were 91% and 75%, respectively. However, incubations of the brine shrimps with cell-free medium did not affect A. salina survivorship. Significant differences in toxic effects between cell growth phases were only found in the survival rates of A. salina exposed to G. excentricus. Acute exposure to benthic toxic dinoflagellates induced harmful effects on behavior and survival of A. salina. Negative effects related to the toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates are thus expected on their primary grazers making them more vulnerable to predation and vectors of toxins through the marine food webs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, this group of organisms has received significant scientific attention since the occurrence of benthic harmful algal blooms (HAB) has increased worldwide [1]. Among benthic dinoflagellates, blooms of Ostreopsis cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates on grazing, behavior and survival of the brine shrimp Artemia salina

et al. 2017

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“…They are known to produce a variety of polymeric substances of potential interest to the pharmaceutical industry [1,2]. Dinoflagellates are present within a myriad of microalgae inhabiting benthic substrates such as algal turf, seagrasses, macroalgae, rocks, and sediments [3]. They are mostly recognized for their negative impact resulting in harmful algal bloom (HAB) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribosomal DNA Sequence-Based Taxonomy and Antimicrobial Activity of Prorocentrum spp. (Dinophyceae) from Mauritius Coastal Waters, South-West Indian Ocean

et al. 2023

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Microalgae are unicellular organisms and commonly present in the euphotic zone of marine ecosystems. From the western coast of Mauritius, three strains of Prorocentrum species were isolated from macrophytes and cultured under standard laboratory conditions. Morphologies were examined by light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetic analyses were based on partial large subunit LSU rDNA (D1-D2) and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) regions. Three Prorocentrum species, including the P. fukuyoi complex, P. rhathymum, and P. lima complex, were identified. The antimicrobial activities were assayed against potential human pathogenic bacterial strains. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded for intracellular and extracellular protein extracts of Prorocentrum rhathymum against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The polysaccharide extracts of the Prorocentrum fukuyoi complex had a higher zone of inhibition (24 ± 0.4 mm) against MRSA at a minimum concentration of 0.625 μg/mL. The extracts from the three Prorocentrum species had different levels of activity against the pathogens used, and this can be of scientific interest in the search for antibiotics from natural marine sources.

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“…Benthic dinoflagellates belonging to the genera Gambierdiscus, Coolia, and Fukuyoa are recognized as the toxin producers linked to CP (Berdalet and Tester, 2018;Murray et al, 2020). Grazing by invertebrates and herbivorous fishes allows the benthic dinoflagellates and toxins to enter the food chain (Munday et al, 2017;Holmes et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Mass Spectrometric Analysis Reveals Chemical Diversity of Secondary Metabolites and 44-Methylgambierone Production in Philippine Gambierdiscus Strains

et al. 2022

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Surveillance and characterization of emerging marine toxins and toxigenic dinoflagellates are warranted to evaluate their associated health risks. Here, we report the occurrence of the ciguatera poisoning-causative dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus balechii in the Philippines. Toxin production and chemical diversity of secondary metabolites in G. balechii GtoxSAM092414, G. balechii Gtox112513, and the recently reported Gambierdiscus carpenteri Gam1BOL080513 were assessed using targeted and untargeted UPLC-MS/MS analysis and radioligand receptor-binding assay (RBA). 44-methylgambierone was produced by all three strains, albeit with different levels based on RBA and UPLC-HRMS/MS analysis. The fatty acid composition was similar in all strains, while subtle differences in monosaccharide content were observed, related to the collection site rather than the species. Molecular networking using the GNPS database identified 45 clusters belonging to at least ten compound classes, with terpene glycosides, carbohydrate conjugates, polyketides, and macrolides as major convergence points. Species-specific peptides and polyhydroxylated compounds were identified in G. balechii GtoxSAM092414 and G. carpenteri Gam1BOL080513, respectively. These provide a glimpse of the uncharacterized biosynthetic potential of benthic dinoflagellates and highlight the intricate and prolific machinery for secondary metabolites production in these organisms.

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Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Benthic Systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 103 publications

Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates on grazing, behavior and survival of the brine shrimp Artemia salina

Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates on grazing, behavior and survival of the brine shrimp Artemia salina

Ribosomal DNA Sequence-Based Taxonomy and Antimicrobial Activity of Prorocentrum spp. (Dinophyceae) from Mauritius Coastal Waters, South-West Indian Ocean

Global Mass Spectrometric Analysis Reveals Chemical Diversity of Secondary Metabolites and 44-Methylgambierone Production in Philippine Gambierdiscus Strains

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