Key policy considerations for facilitating low carbon technology transfer to developing countries

A theory-based discussion of international technology funding

“…There is also the risk that funding is misused for projects that would have been carried out anyway or that will not deploy the desired positive macroeconomic and environmental effects. These insights are in accordance with case studies on 'policy aimed at facilitating low carbon technology transfer to developing countries' (Ockwell et al, 2008). Different to the innovation systems and system functions literature, the results are derived from a theoretical model of economic growth.…”

Learning and technological capability building in emerging economies: The case of the biomass power equipment industry in Malaysia

“…According to Edquist (1997), learning and innovation in firms rarely take place in isolation, but occurs through complex and varied interactions with the different actors and organisations in their external environment. Thus, as Bell (1984) Mathews, 2007;Altenburg, 2008;Walz, 2010;Ockwell et al, 2008Ockwell et al, , 2010Berkhout, 2012). Research in this area is, however, very much in its infancy -there is a lack of empirical evidence and a distinct lack of any comprehensive attempt at theorising technology transfer and indigenous innovation as part of broader low carbon development pathways (Ockwell and Mallett 2012).…”

“…Specific risks and challenges apply at these different stages of maturity and their implications for learning and development need to be better understood (Ockwell et al, 2008). There is also a particular need to understand the role of learning mechanisms and technological capability development in lower and lower-middle income countries where existing levels of technological capabilities are likely to be low even for dealing with conventional energy technologies, let alone, newer, more efficient, low carbon technologies.…”

The role of technology transfer for the development of a local wind component industry in Chile

“…The third flow encompasses knowledge and expertise for generating and managing technological change. It creates new technological capacity through the transfer and the active independent learning, creation and innovation of the recipient (Bell, 1997;Wei, 1995;Ockwell et al, 2008 Given the tacit nature of technology in its broader sense, measuring TT is inherently difficult. Some publications in the field of climate change have attempted to measure TT using as proxies the import of foreign equipment or knowledge in CDM projects (Dechezleprétre et al, 2008;Doranova, 2009;Seres et al, 2009Seres et al, , 2010 or the number of filed foreign patents related to climate change technologies (Hascic and Johnstone, 2009;Dechezleprétre et al, 2010).…”

“…Both demand-pull and technology-push are complementary and a mix of them is necessary for technological development (Mowery and Rosenberg, 1979). Experience in China, India and Brazil has shown that in addition to a large demand, successful TT responded to governments' strong signals and incentives favouring low-carbon growth (Lewis, 2007;Ockwell et al, 2008;Ribeiro and De Abreu, 2008;Wang, 2010;Zhang et al, 2009). …”