Key Parameters Affecting Kick Start Performance in Competitive Swimming

Matúš, Ivan; Ružbarský, Pavel; Vadašová, Bibiana

doi:10.3390/ijerph182211909

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(37 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As the back plate has become more widely implemented and used during competitions, researchers have aimed to expose the importance of lower limb positioning over the starting platform (including the distance between the feet [ 13 ]) as well as the impact of the lower limb joint angles on the swimming start performance [ 14 ]. Several studies have hypothesized that the starting performance could be affected by only adjusting the back plate [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]; others have analyzed back plate displacement combined with different initial body positions [ 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. However, a few of the available studies were based on block settings incompatible with official standards and included multiple factors acting on the measured output or did not consider sex-specific differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Back Plate Position Influence Swimming Start Temporal Characteristics?

Rudnik

Rejman

Machado

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current study examined the back plate position impact on the block phase movement pattern and total starting performance with a distinction for sex. Thirty-eight swimmers performed starts changing the back plate position (preferred position, one position forward and one position backward), with the data being assessed using a 3D dynamometric central and a video camera. In males, the 15 m start time was 0.1 s shorter for the preferred position compared with the backward position (p < 0.05). Regardless of the back plate positioning, the swimmers spent a similar time on the block. A more forward position of the back plate postponed the rear foot take-off and consequently reduced the front foot stand duration. A back plate position effect was revealed for those variables with a larger effect size in males whereas in females, a change of about two positions was needed to reach a significance level. Probably due to the specification of physical domains, a greater impact on the changes introduced was noted for males. Therefore, whilst searching for the optimal starting position, adjustments to the back plate placement might affect a greater number of males than females. To reinforce the starting optimization during the training process and its monitoring, the effect of personal preference toward the starting block setting was also considered.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Back Plate Position Influence Swimming Start Temporal Characteristics?

Rudnik

Rejman

Machado

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Three positions were monitored—front, neutral, and back. In most studies, shorter times were measured at 5 m, 7.5 m, and 15 m, respectively, at neutral-weighted or rear-weighted positions [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. In the study by Burkhardt et al [ 11 ], the positioning of the lower limbs in the base position on the starting block did not show differences in the base position used between the stronger lower limb on the front edge or on the backrest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study by Silveira et al [ 12 ], they found that after the kick-off from the start block, kick start and its modification showed that the key parameter was the flight length at the 5 m take-off distance. In a study by Matúš et al [ 8 ], start reaction, take-off angle, and time to 2 m distance were shown to be the key parameters in the 5 m distance start. When looking for key parameters at a 15 m distance in the study by Tor et al [ 13 ], length and time of flight were not among the key parameters affecting take-off performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot Placement in the Basic Position on the Start Block OSB12 of Young Competitive Swimmers

Matúš,

Vadašová,

Eliaš

et al. 2024

Sports

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The basic position on the starting block can influence the performance at the start, as it is the initial phase on which the other phases depend, as well as the swimming performance in sprint events in all swimming styles. The aim of our study is to analyze the effect of the foot in the base position on the block start on performance in the 5 m distance start. Material and Methods: Fifteen performance swimmers aged 17 ± 2 years were tested in their preferred wide and narrow starting positions, performing a total of six starts during which angular, temporal, and length changes were monitored in block, flight, and underwater phases. Fisher individual tests for differences of means were used to determine differences in kinematic parameters of the kick start to the 5 m distance. Differences in the position of the feet in kinematic parameters of the kick start to the 5 m distance were determined using the two-sample t-test with equal variance and effect size by Cohen’s d. Results: Swimmers were found to have significant differences (p < 0.05) between foot widths in block time (0.02 s), time to 2 m (0.05 s), flight and glide time and distance, maximal depth, and time to 5 m (0.08) in favor of the narrow baseline position. Conclusions: We recommend marking the center of the start block on the OSB or OSB platform for the competitors, as well as the center of the backrest, for better orientation and assuming the correct basic foot position on the start block.

show abstract

“…Similar to the swimming styles (e.g., butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and front-crawl stroke), the start has evolved over time, the main ones being grab and track starts. Other ones (e.g., swing, handle, rear-weighted track, and front-weighted starts) have been conceived as variations of these two [6,7,8,9]. Investigations on swimming start have been developed based on different concerns, mainly to understand the kinematic and kinetic variables of the foregoing start styles [6,9,10,11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is widespread recognition that swimming start unfolds by performing sequential components (e.g., phases), there has also been some distinction as to what they are and how they occur [21]. For example, while Maglischo [5] proposes that it involves preparatory position, pull, block impulsion, flight, entry, and slide, Matúš et al [8] suggest the phases of block, flight, and underwater.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability of an assessment instrument of track start in swimming

Madureira

Gomes

Oliveira

et al. 2023

ppcs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Study Aim. The development and validation of assessment instruments are essential procedures for any professional intervention, including in physical education and sports contexts. This study aimed to provide a component-based assessment instrument for track start in swimming. It refers to the act of starting the competitive swim by diving into the water from a raised block (platform) at the edge of the pool. Material and Methods. The content validity involved the participation of sixty-three experienced swimming coaches. They completed a questionnaire about their degree of agreement (Likert scale) with the initial position, impulsion, flight, and entry into the water as the track start's components. Reliability and construct validity involved the participation of seven experienced swimming coaches. The first was verified through test-retest (intrarater) and reproducibility (interrater) procedures. The latter was tested by considering the instrument's ability to assess different track start performances. Results. The concordant answers (strongly agree and agree) ranged from 63% to 95%, with most components above 80%. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) results show from good to excellent interrater and intrarater reliabilities. Specifically, the interrater correlations in the test and intrarater correlations in track start 1 were revealed excellent. In addition, the interrater correlations in the retest and intrarater correlations in track start 2 were revealed good. Conclusions. The obtained validities and reliabilities made possible a component-based assessment instrument that allows: (i) a clear and standardized structure of track start in swimming involving the initial position, impulsion, flight, and entry into the water; (ii) accessing to the practitioners’ states in relation to desired start performance; and (iii) a reference for coaches and teachers to provide instruction and feedback for learning and performance improvement.

show abstract

Key Parameters Affecting Kick Start Performance in Competitive Swimming

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Does the Back Plate Position Influence Swimming Start Temporal Characteristics?

Does the Back Plate Position Influence Swimming Start Temporal Characteristics?

Foot Placement in the Basic Position on the Start Block OSB12 of Young Competitive Swimmers

Validity and reliability of an assessment instrument of track start in swimming

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About