Ketonemia and ketonuria in gestational diabetes mellitus

Spanou, Loukia; Dalakleidi, Kalliopi; Zarkogianni, Konstantia; Papadimitriou, Anastasia; Nikita, Konstantina S.; Vasileiou, Vasiliki; Alevizaki, Maria; Anastasiou, Eleni

doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1610

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In these patients, typical pregnancy metabolic processes overlap with recommendations to restrict carbohydrates consumption in a diabetic diet, which creates favorable conditions for increased ketogenesis. Ketonuria is commonly diagnosed when tested after fasting and often correlates with increased levels of β -hydroxybutyrate in the blood [ 27 ].…”

Section: Ketogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Ketonemia and Development of the Fetal Central Nervous System

Bronisz

Ozorowski

Hagner‐Derengowska

2018

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Glucose is the major source of energy for the human brain which in turn uses ketone bodies as a supplement for energy deficit in glucose cell deficiency conditions. Pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes is a condition associated with significantly increased risk of ketonemia development. The data available proves a changing influence of ketones on the central nervous system during fetal life and in adults as well. Ketone bodies freely pass through the placenta. They can affect fetal growth and organ damage development, especially the central nervous system. As agreed in the current recommendation of the diabetes associations, it is not obligatory for the attending doctor to conduct a routine inspection of ketone bodies during diabetes treatment in pregnancy. This article is a literature review of ketones' effect on the central nervous system and an attempt to initiate discussion whether we should consider including ketonemia assessment into the standard care package for pregnant women with diabetes and begin some research on the explanation of its influence on fetal development.

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Section: Ketogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Ketonemia and Development of the Fetal Central Nervous System

Bronisz

Ozorowski

Hagner‐Derengowska

2018

International Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Starvation ketoacidosis may occur after brief periods of fasting (less than 16 h) in second and third trimester due to insulin resistance in pregnancy and reduced serum bicarbonate, even in women with normal glucose tolerance (Table ) …”

Section: Laboratory Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: Investigations and the pregnant woman in the emergency department – part 1: Laboratory investigations

Morton

Teasdale

2018

Emerg Medicine Australasia

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Accurate assessment of the pregnant patient in the ED depends on knowledge of physiological changes in pregnancy, and how these changes may impact on pathology tests, appearance on point‐of‐care ultrasound and electrocardiography. In addition the emergency physician needs to be cognisant of disorders that are unique to or more common in pregnancy. Part 1 of this review addresses potential deviations in laboratory investigation reference intervals resulting from physiological alterations in pregnancy, and the important causes of abnormal laboratory results in pregnancy. Part 2 will address the role of point‐of‐care ultrasound in pregnancy, physiological changes that may affect interpretation of point‐of‐care ultrasound, physiological changes in electrocardiography, and the safety of radiological procedures in the pregnant patient.

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“…Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy [1]. GDM is potentially harmful to both mother and offspring, including increased amniotic fluid [2], preeclampsia [3], premature birth [4], ketoacidosis [5] and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [6] for mother, and abnormalities in intrauterine development [7], neonatal malformations [8], macrosomia [9], neonatal respiratory distress syndrome [10] and neonatal hypoglycemia [11] for offspring. At present, the study mainly focuses on GDM treatment after the middle and late pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus bulgaricus improves antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized control trial

Lin

Jia

et al. 2019

Bioscience Reports

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Objectives: Lactobacillus bulgaricus may improve antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: Black garlic was prepared with or without L. bulgaricus. Volatile and polysaccharides were analyzed by using LC-MS, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The study design was parallel randomized controlled trial and 226 GDM patients were randomly assigned into BG (black garlic and L. bulgaricus) and CG (black garlic) groups, and allocation ratio was 1:1. The treatment duration was 40 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 1- and 2-h blood glucose (1hBG and 2hBG) after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were detected. Antioxidant function of black garlic was determined by measuring plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in GDM patients. The comparison between two groups was made using two independent samples t test.Results: The intake of nutrients was similar between two groups (P>0.05). L. bulgaricus promoted the transformation of the glucopyranoside to glucofuranoside. L. bulgaricus increased the abilities of black garlic for scavenging hydroxyl radicals, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzenthiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS) and DPPH free radicals. L. bulgaricus reduced the levels of FBG, 1hBG and 2hBG, and incidence of perinatal complications (P<0.01). Plasma MDA level in the BG group was lower than in the CG group, whereas the levels of SOD, GSH-PX and T-AOC in the BG group were higher than in the CG group (P<0.01).Conclusions: L. bulgaricus improves antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of GDM.

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Ketonemia and ketonuria in gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract: The presence of ketonemia was significantly lower than the presence of ketonuria. Weight loss per week was the only independent factor found to be associated with increased levels of 3HB. The clinical significance of this small increase requires further investigation.

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Pregnancy Ketonemia and Development of the Fetal Central Nervous System

Pregnancy Ketonemia and Development of the Fetal Central Nervous System

Review article: Investigations and the pregnant woman in the emergency department – part 1: Laboratory investigations

Lactobacillus bulgaricus improves antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized control trial

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