Kerr constant of water

Воробьев, В. В.; Kapitonov, V. A.; Knyazev, B. A.; Kruglyakov, Eduard P.

doi:10.1007/bf00857767

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Paper [50] described studies on the creation of a conducting layer with a conductivity σ Ò , which fell smoothly with the depth in the liquid, near the electrode surfaces (ρ ≈ 1 MΩ cm). The effective thickness of this layer was greater by far than the size of the micropoints but much shorter than the interelectrode distance.…”

Section: Changes In the Near-electrode Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was impossible to unambiguously calculate the field strength near the gap's center in water using the amplitude of the applied voltage and length d. The breakdown field strengths E b in the gap were therefore determined using the Kerr electrooptic effect in water, and by measuring the gradients of the refractive index using the Toepler method with a cylindrical lens (these techniques and equipment are described in [50,51] and the references therein).…”

Section: Changes In the Near-electrode Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An analysis of the results of works [50][51][52]55], devoted to the formation of near-electrode layers with enhanced conductivity, allowed the author of this review to substantiate in 1990 the possibility of concentrating the cations and anions located in near-electrode layers of water by passing a direct current with a density of up to several mA/cm 2 through the water. The ions released by the electrodes into the liquid and the H + and OHions resulting from a continuous dissociation of water molecules were considered as charge carriers supplied to the near-electrode regions.…”

Section: Formation Of Near-electrode Layers By Passing a Direct Currementioning

confidence: 99%

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Water as an insulator in pulsed facilities (Review)

Gerasimov

2005

Instrum Exp Tech

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Transmission lines with distributed parameters are often used as electrical energy storage units and high-voltage (high-current) pulse shapers in electrophysical facilities. To increase the pulse power and reduce the dimensions of the equipment, deionized water, purified from mechanical impurities and gas, is used as an insulator in lines. Water has a high breakdown strength ((BS) ~ 130 kV/cm) at pulses with a duration of ~1 µ s and electrode areas of up to tens of square meters, a large value of the relative permittivity (~80), and a small loss tangent in the frequency range 0-1 GHz. Water also possesses a number of characteristics needed to achieve the above aims. We review here the data on the electrical properties of water and the studies of it published over the last three decades; the methods for increasing the water BS and the influence of numerous factors on the BS; the physical mechanism of water breakdown and the basic regularities of the BS in strong electric fields; the BS in the most frequently used electrode systems; formulas for calculating the water BS under different conditions and over the surfaces of solid dielectrics; the characteristics of mixtures of water and ethylene glycol or methanol; water purification systems for electrophysical facilities; the comparative parameters of coaxial energy storage units having various insulators, etc. The summary generalizes the brief and predominantly reference information on the electrical properties of water and its applications for researchers, engineers, and the users of the equipment having water insulation; it can help to solve related problems more quickly and reliably.

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Section: Changes In the Near-electrode Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In the Near-electrode Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formation Of Near-electrode Layers By Passing a Direct Currementioning

confidence: 99%

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