Keratoconus

Edrington, Timothy B.; Pena, Ari de Souza

doi:10.1007/0-387-21758-4_18

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Defective KS chain elongation occurs in keratoconus ( Funderburgh et al 1989 ; Akhtar et al 2011 ; Garcia et al 2016 ). Keratoconus is a disorder of the eye which results in progressive thinning of the cornea leading to blurry vision, double-vision, near-sightedness, astigmatism and light sensitivity ( Funderburgh et al 1989 ; Edrington et al 1995 ; Espandar and Meyer 2010 ; Romero-Jimenez et al 2010 ). To ascertain the importance of KS sulfation on KS functionality, mice with a targeted gene deletion in Chst5 have been developed ( Hayashida et al 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratan sulfate, a complex glycosaminoglycan with unique functional capability

2018

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From an evolutionary perspective keratan sulfate (KS) is the newest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) but the least understood. KS is a sophisticated molecule with a diverse structure, and unique functional roles continue to be uncovered for this GAG. The cornea is the richest tissue source of KS in the human body but the central and peripheral nervous systems also contain significant levels of KS and a diverse range of KS-proteoglycans with essential functional roles. KS also displays important cell regulatory properties in epithelial and mesenchymal tissues and in bone and in tumor development of diagnostic and prognostic utility. Corneal KS-I displays variable degrees of sulfation along the KS chain ranging from non-sulfated polylactosamine, mono-sulfated and disulfated disaccharide regions. Skeletal KS-II is almost completely sulfated consisting of disulfated disaccharides interrupted by occasional mono-sulfated N-acetyllactosamine residues. KS-III also contains highly sulfated KS disaccharides but differs from KS-I and KS-II through 2-O-mannose linkage to serine or threonine core protein residues on proteoglycans such as phosphacan and abakan in brain tissue. Historically, the major emphasis on the biology of KS has focused on its sulfated regions for good reason. The sulfation motifs on KS convey important molecular recognition information and direct cell behavior through a number of interactive proteins. Emerging evidence also suggest functional roles for the poly-N-acetyllactosamine regions of KS requiring further investigation. Thus further research is warranted to better understand the complexities of KS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratan sulfate, a complex glycosaminoglycan with unique functional capability

2018

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“…Keratoconus is an idiopathic degenerative eye disease characterized by a progressive non-inflammatory thinning and conical protrusion of the cornea, which results in corneal protrusion, irregular astigmatism, loss of visual acuity and even the possibility of corneal perforation ( 1 ). Keratoconus is the most prevalent form of corneal ectasia and affects all ethnicities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional vs. pulsed‑light accelerated corneal collagen cross‑linking for the treatment of progressive keratoconus: 12‑month results from a prospective study

Jiang

Qiu

2017

Exp Ther Med

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The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical outcomes of conventional corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) and pulsed-light accelerated CXL (pl-ACXL) in the eyes of patients with progressive keratoconus. A total of 72 eyes with progressive keratoconus in 58 patients were equally divided into the CXL and pl-ACXL treatment groups. The CXL treatment was performed using the UVX 1000 system with 0.1% riboflavin solution in 20% dextran presoak for 30 min, and 3 mW/cm2 ultraviolet A (UVA) light for 30 min. The pl-ACXL group was treated with the KXL system using 0.1% riboflavin with HPMC presoak for 10 min, followed by 8 min (1 sec on/1 sec off) of 30 mW/cm2 UVA light. Patients were evaluated according to the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected DVA (CDVA), refraction, maximum keratometry (Kmax), endothelial cell density (ECD), anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal microscopy. The follow-up period was 12 months. Transient haze was observed in 17 eyes (47.22%) in the CXL group and 8 eyes (22.22%) in the pl-ACXL group at 1 month postoperatively. There were no significant postoperative differences in the astigmatism, manifest refraction spherical equivalent, ECD or thinnest corneal thickness. By contrast, UDVA, CDVA and Kmax presented significant improvement at 12 months postoperatively in the two groups. The demarcation line depth was 284.94±33.29 µm in the CXL group, which was significantly deeper in comparison with that in the pl-ACXL group (201.64±27.72 µm; P<0.01) at 1 month postoperatively. In vivo confocal microscopy revealed keratocyte apoptosis and stromal edema at 1 month postoperatively, which gradually recovered towards the normal status after 12 months in the two groups. There were no apparent changes in the posterior stroma and endothelium in either group. The results of the present study revealed that CXL and pl-ACXL were safe and effective procedures in stabilizing the progression of keratoconus. The CXL technique offers more effective visual and topographic outcomes compared with pl-ACXL, while pl-ACXL ensures shorter treatment time and reduced microstructural damage.

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“…The disease is clinically diagnosed by corneal thinning and steepening along with the presence of iron oxide hemosiderin deposits in corneal mid periphery (Fleischer’s ring). Around 50 % of subjects exhibit Vogt’s striae, which are fine stress lines caused by stretching and corneal thinning [ 2 ]. Although clinical signs are helpful for the diagnosis, keratoconus is typically confirmed by corneal topography or tomography [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear biomarkers for keratoconus

et al. 2016

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Keratoconus is a progressive corneal thinning, ectatic condition, which affects vision. Recent advances in corneal topography measurements has helped advance proper diagnosis of this condition and increased research and clinical interests in the disease etiopathogenesis. Considerable progress has been achieved in understanding the progression of the disease and tear fluid has played a major role in the progress. This review discusses the importance of tear fluid as a source of biomarker for keratoconus and how advances in technology have helped map the complexity of tears and thereby molecular readouts of the disease. Expanding knowledge of the tear proteome, lipidome and metabolome opened up new avenues to study keratoconus and to identify probable prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers for the disease. A multidimensional approach of analyzing tear fluid of patients layering on proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics is necessary in effectively decoding keratoconus and thereby identifying targets for its treatment.

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Keratoconus

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Keratan sulfate, a complex glycosaminoglycan with unique functional capability

Keratan sulfate, a complex glycosaminoglycan with unique functional capability

Conventional vs. pulsed‑light accelerated corneal collagen cross‑linking for the treatment of progressive keratoconus: 12‑month results from a prospective study

Tear biomarkers for keratoconus

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