Keratan Sulfate Biosynthesis

Funderburgh, James L.

doi:10.1080/15216540214932

Cited by 150 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The similar tendency was observed in human embryonic cells and corneal stromal stem [11,28]. The expressions of embryonic ocular precursor markers, PAX6 (Figure Figure 1D), which are not detected in adult stem cell or fibroblast, decreased but were still detectable after 14 d in KDM.…”

Section: Results Htmscs Differentiated Into Keratocyte Progenitor Cellssupporting

confidence: 57%

Human Turbinate-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiated into Keratocyte Progenitor Cells

Park¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Section: Results Htmscs Differentiated Into Keratocyte Progenitor Cellssupporting

confidence: 57%

Human Turbinate-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiated into Keratocyte Progenitor Cells

Park¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…(Funderburgh 2002;Silbert and Sugumaran 2002;Sugahara and Kitagawa 2002) Studies employing several methods of identification showed that the TM expresses a number of proteoglycans (PGs) ( Table 1). This includes a number of SLRPs, CSPGs, HSPGs, and other types of PGs (Table 1).…”

Section: Proteoglycansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular matrix in the trabecular meshwork

Acott

Kelley

2008

Experimental Eye Research

405

434

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The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the trabecular meshwork (TM) is thought to be important in regulating intraocular pressure (IOP) in both normal and glaucomatous eyes. IOP is regulated primarily by a fluid resistance to aqueous humor outflow. However, neither the exact site nor the identity of the normal resistance to aqueous humor outflow has been established. Whether the site and nature of the increased outflow resistance, which is associated with open-angle glaucoma, is the same or different from the normal resistance is also unclear.The ECMs of the TM beams, juxtacanalicular region (JCT) and Schlemm's canal (SC) inner wall are comprised of fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens, elastin-containing microfibrils, matricellular and structural organizing proteins, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans. Both basement membranes and stromal ECM are present in the TM beams and JCT region. Cell adhesion proteins, cell surface ECM receptors and associated binding proteins are also present in the beams, JCT and SC inner wall region.The outflow pathway ECM is relatively dynamic, undergoing constant turnover and remodeling. Regulated changes in enzymes responsible for ECM degradation and biosynthetic replacement are observed. IOP homeostasis, triggered by pressure changes or mechanical stretching of the TM, appears to involve ECM turnover. Several cytokines, growth factors and drugs, which affect the outflow resistance, change ECM component expression, mRNA alternative splicing, cellular cytoskeletal organization or all of these. Changes in ECM associated with open-angle glaucoma have been identified.

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“…It has also been found in skeletal and nervous tissues (Funderburgh 2000). KS is classified into three different types-KS-I, KS-II and KS-III-based upon structural diversity in the oligosaccharides that link KS to the protein core (Funderburgh 2002). KS-I comprises N-linked KS chains that are abundant in the cornea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KSGal6ST Is Essential for the 6-Sulfation of Galactose within Keratan Sulfate in Early Postnatal Brain

Hoshino

Foyez

Ohtake-Niimi

et al. 2013

J Histochem Cytochem.

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SummaryKeratan sulfate (KS) comprises repeating disaccharides of galactose (Gal) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Residues of Gal and GlcNAc in KS are potentially modified with sulfate at their C-6 positions. The 5D4 monoclonal antibody recognizes KS structures containing Gal and GlcNAc, both 6-sulfated, and has been used most extensively to evaluate KS expression in mammalian brains. We previously showed that GlcNAc6ST1 is an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the 5D4 epitope in developing brain and in the adult brain, where it is induced after injury. It has been unclear which sulfotransferase is responsible for Gal-6-sulfation within the 5D4 KS epitope in developing brains. We produced mice deficient in KSGal6ST, a Gal-6-sulfotransferase. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation revealed that all 5D4-immunoreactivity to proteins, including phosphacan, were abolished in KSGal6ST-deficient postnatal brains. Likewise, the 5D4 epitope, expressed primarily in the cortical marginal zone and subplate and dorsal thalamus, was eliminated in KSGal6ST-deficient mice. Disaccharide analysis showed the loss of Gal-6-sulfate in KS of the KSGal6ST-deficient brains. Transfection studies revealed that GlcNAc6ST1 and KSGal6ST cooperated in the expression of the 5D4 KS epitope in HeLa cells. These results indicate that KSGal6ST is essential for C-6 sulfation of Gal within KS in early postnatal brains. (J Histochem Cytochem 62:145-156, 2014)

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Keratan Sulfate Biosynthesis

Cited by 150 publications

References 66 publications

Human Turbinate-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiated into Keratocyte Progenitor Cells

Human Turbinate-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiated into Keratocyte Progenitor Cells

Extracellular matrix in the trabecular meshwork

KSGal6ST Is Essential for the 6-Sulfation of Galactose within Keratan Sulfate in Early Postnatal Brain

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