Kenya's tourist industry and global production networks: gender, race and inequality

“…The International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that in 2013, 453 million jobs were GVC related in 40 OECD and emerging economies (ILO, 2015). 1 Many are women and migrants from poor and rural households (Christian, 2016; Christian et al., 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New dynamics of upgrading in global value chains: Shifting terrain for suppliers and workers in the global south

2016

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“…Murphy (2019) explores the tourism GPN in Zanzibar and finds that local enterprises are increasingly marginalised while foreign enterprises capture large shares of the value. The role of gender and race in upgrading dynamics in the Kenyan safari tourism sector has been examined (Christian 2016).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Tar Roads Bring Tourism? Growth Corridor Policy and Tourism Development in the Zambezi region, Namibia

2021

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There are high aspirations to foster growth in Namibia’s Zambezi region via the development of tourism. The Zambezi region is a core element of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA), a mosaic of areas with varying degrees of protection, which is designed to combine nature conservation and rural development. These conservation areas serve as a resource base for wildlife tourism, and growth corridor policy aims to integrate the region into tourism global production networks (GPNs) by means of infrastructure development. Despite the increasing popularity of growth corridors, little is known about the effectiveness of this development strategy at local level. The mixed-methods approach suggests a link between a tandem of infrastructure development and tourism-oriented policies on the one hand, and increased value creation from tourism in the region on the other hand. Yet, the promises of tourism-driven development reach only a very limited number of rural residents.

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“…The participation in the national tour operators has increasingly sidelined the local communities of Kenya and increasingly relied on the elite group that include the Europeans (whites), Kenyans of-Asian decent and expatriates due to the existence of an embedded racial network that makes it easy to gain access to international markets than the local actors (Christian, 2016). Besides, most of the foreign earnings from tourism activities in Kenya and other African countries remain overseas or are sent to the wealthy countries like the Netherlands since the tourism industry in Kenya and other African countries are dominated by transnational corporations based in those countries (Kubo, 2004).…”

Section: Economic Problems Arising From Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the State and Impact of Tourism Activities in Kenya

Gunduz

Agayi

2021

Kent Akademisi

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Tourism plays a significant role in the economic development of Kenya. However, the development of the sector continues to face challenges arising, both locally and globally. This study identifies and analyses these problems and how they impact tourism activities. The study provides a brief overview of the role of international tourism by highlighting its socio-economic, environmental, and political contributions to the country's development. Also discussed are the sustainability issues around mass tourism and its effect on the environmental, social, economic, and cultural aspects of life in the host regions. The key to addressing the tourism sector's performance is the understanding of the significant role the market plays. Focusing on this, the study examines emerging issues in the Kenyan tourism sector i.e. seasonality, overreliance on the international market, impacts of tourism infrastructure development on space, among others, and their roles in shaping the tourism industry. It is established that overdependence on the international market exposes Kenyan tourism to global risks that could result in the collapse of the sector, thus negatively affecting the economy. To safeguard the Country from external risks, the study proposes strengthening domestic tourism by encouraging local investors' participation in international tourism. The study also identifies the main problems related to tourism activities in Kenya including; pollution, destruction of cultural heritage, the threat to the health of both human and aquatic life, human-wildlife conflicts, less economic benefits to local communities and host nations dues to dominance by transnational corporations, social ills like drug abuse, luring of young girls into sex resulting into early pregnancy and school drop-out among other problems. The findings of this research are based on a review of previously done research literature, academic documents, government reports, among other secondary and primary sources of data.

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Kenya's tourist industry and global production networks: gender, race and inequality

Abstract: In this article, I consider the position of gender and race in the tourism

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

New dynamics of upgrading in global value chains: Shifting terrain for suppliers and workers in the global south

New dynamics of upgrading in global value chains: Shifting terrain for suppliers and workers in the global south

Do Tar Roads Bring Tourism? Growth Corridor Policy and Tourism Development in the Zambezi region, Namibia

Assessment of the State and Impact of Tourism Activities in Kenya

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