Kebebasan Berekspresi Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia: Perlindungan, Permasalahan Dan Implementasinya Di Provinsi Jawa Barat

Abstract

AbstrakProses demokratisasi di Indonesia saat ini menempatkan publik sebagai pemilik dan pengendali utama ranah penyiaran. Namun permasalahan utama dalam penyiaran di negeri ini adalah tidak konsistennya kebijakan pemerintah sebagai salah satu regulator penyiaran, lemahnya lembaga regulator pengawas penyiaran dan ketidaktaatan penyelenggara penyiaran. Jawa Barat dengan budaya yang beragam telah memiliki lembaga penyiaran, namun pada praktiknya di lapangan belum menampilkan keberagaman isi siaran dan keberagaman kepemilikan. Oleh karena itu persoalannya adalah bagaimanakah implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran memberikan perlindungan hak kebebasan berekspresi masyarakat khususnya di Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif serta menganalisa substansi, konteks, dan relasi antara lembaga penyiaran, pemerintah daerah serta masyarakat dilihat dari aspek Hak Asasi Manusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran belum sepenuhnya memberikan jaminan perlindungan terhadap hak kebebasan berekespresi yang dimiliki pemerintah, lembaga penyiaran serta masyarakat di Provinsi Jawa Barat, masih ditemukan permasalahan terkait keberagaman isi siaran, sentralisasi kepemilikan lembaga penyiaran, kurangnya pemanfaatan lembaga penyiaran publik dan teguran serta sanksi yang diberikan seringkali diabaikan oleh para pelaku penyiaran. Kata Kunci: Kebebasan Berekspresi, Regulasi, Hak Asasi Manusia. Abstract Democratization process in Indonesia is currently putting the public as the owner and the ultimate controller in broadcasting sphere. The main problem in Indonesia is the inconsistent governments policy as one of broadcasting regulators, the weak regulatory of monitoring agencies and the disobedient broadcasting operators. West Java as one of the provinces that has cultural diversity

Ahmadiyya Congregation in the Shadow of Religious Politics: Tensions Between Law and Freedom of Religion

“…This is because manifestation forms are practices that can reach public spaces, so they are closely related to social relations (Nowak and Vospernik 2004). If the practice of worship can interfere with public safety, public health, public morale, and public order, then the practice of worship in public spaces can be limited (Rahmanto 2016). One example of such restrictions is the restriction of worship practices during the COVID-19 pandemic (Tobroni 2020).…”

Dinar Candy, pornography, freedom of expression, and the law

“…In addition, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights contained in article 19, paragraph (2) also stipulates that "Everyone has the right to freedom of expression; this right includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of any kind, regardless of restrictions, either orally, in writing, in print, in the form of works of art or through other media of their choice." (Rahmanto, 2016) Freedom of expression as a right is often juxtaposed with 'freedom of opinion,' which emphasizes efforts to express opinions or aspirations. The norm of the right to freedom of expression and thought is considered one of the keys to democracy.…”

Protection on Freedom of the Press for Foreign Journalists and Journalistic Visa in Indonesia

“…59 (I) has previously stated that "the right to information is a fundamental human right and ... the standard of all freedoms which the United Nations declares". 11 Freedom of speech or freedom of expression is currently acknowledged among regional and international human rights law. The right is expressed in Article 19 of the ICCPR, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights, and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.…”