Karyotypes and Ag‐NORs in<i>Phyllomedusa camba</i>De La Riva, 1999 and<i>P. rhodei</i>Mertens, 1926 (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae): cytotaxonomic considerations

Paiva, C. R.; Nascimento, Juliana Damieli; Silva, A. P. Z.; Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio; Ananias, Fernando

doi:10.1080/11250000903187585

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A similar pattern of NOR variation has been observed in other Phyllomedusa species, such as P. rohdei [12,13], P. camba [12], P. ayeaye (Bruschi - personal observation; [29]), P. burmeisteri [29], P. tarsius [29], P. tetraploidea [16,29], P. distincta [16,29]. This suggests recurrent variation in this characteristic during the course of the evolutionary history of this group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Chromosomal characteristics of members of the genus Phyllomedusa are relatively poorly known, although the karyotypes of a number of species have been described, including P. rohdei [12-14], P. camba [12], P. nordestina [14], P. hypochondrialis [15], P. distincta [16], and P. tetraploidea [16-18]. However, potentially informative chromosomal features have been observed, in particular, the marked variability in the number and position of the NORs in different populations [12,13,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, potentially informative chromosomal features have been observed, in particular, the marked variability in the number and position of the NORs in different populations [12,13,15,16]. Morphological variation has also been observed in some populations assigned to P. hypochondrialis [4] suggesting the need for the complementary application of different interpretative tools as a helpt to clear their taxonomic status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the taxonomic status of populations assigned to Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae) based on molecular, chromosomal, and morphological approach

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Phyllomedusa have been amply discussed. The marked morphological similarities among some species hamper the reliable identification of specimens and may often lead to their incorrect taxonomic classification on the sole basis of morphological traits. Phenotypic variation was observed among populations assigned to either P. azurea or P. hypochondrialis. In order to evaluate whether the variation observed in populations assigned to P. hypochondrialis is related to that in genotypes, a cytogenetic analysis was combined with phylogenetic inferences based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences.ResultsThe inter- and intra-population variation in the external morphology observed among the specimens analyzed in the present study do not reflect the phylogenetic relationships among populations. A monophyletic clade was recovered, grouping all the specimens identified as P. hypochondrialis and specimens assigned P. azurea from Minas Gerais state. This clade is characterized by conserved chromosomal morphology and a common C-banding pattern. Extensive variation in the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) was observed among populations, with four distinct NOR positions being recognized in the karyotypes. Intra-population polymorphism of the additional rDNA clusters observed in specimens from Barreiras, Bahia state, also highlights the marked genomic instability of the rDNA in the genome of this group. Based on the topology obtained in the phylogenetic analyses, the re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of the specimens from the southernmost population known in Brazil is recommended.ConclusionsThe results of this study support the need for a thorough revision of the phenotypic features used to discriminate P. azurea and P. hypochondrialis. The phylogenetic data presented here also contribute to an extension of the geographic range of P. hypochondrialis, which is known to occur in the Amazon basin and neighboring areas of the Cerrado savanna, where it may be sympatric with P. azurea, within contact zones. The misidentification of specimens may have led to inconsistencies in the original definition of the geographic range of P. azurea. The variability observed in the NOR of P. hypochondrialis reinforces the conclusion that these sites represent hotspots of rearrangement. Intraspecific variation in the location of these sites is the result of constant rearrangements that are not detected by classical cytogenetic methods or are traits of an ancestral, polymorphic karyotype, which would not be phylogenetically informative for this group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the taxonomic status of populations assigned to Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae) based on molecular, chromosomal, and morphological approach

et al. 2013

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“…tarsius [31] and P . camba [32], bearing some uni-armed telocentric pairs, and a male of P . rohdei from Linhares, in the Espírito Santo State (Brazil) [33] with 2n = 40 karyotype and a probable XY pair, although animal samples from this same locality and from other regions of southeast and northeast Brazil [20,32,34] exhibited a 2n = 26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike most hylids carrying one Ag-NOR [15,35-37], Phyllomedusa species, with some exceptions, generally exhibited multiple sites and variability in the number and location of the Ag-NOR sites has been observed [20,28-30,32-34,38]. At least three of the five known species of the P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic analysis of Phyllomedusa distincta Lutz, 1950 (2n = 2x = 26), P. tetraploidea Pombal and Haddad, 1992 (2n = 4x = 52), and their natural triploid hybrids (2n = 3x = 39) (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae)

et al. 2013

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BackgroundNatural polyploidy has played an important role during the speciation and evolution of vertebrates, including anurans, with more than 55 described cases. The species of the Phyllomedusa burmeisteri group are mostly characterized by having 26 chromosomes, but a karyotype with 52 chromosomes was described in P. tetraploidea. This species was found in sintopy with P. distincta in two localities of São Paulo State (Brazil), where triploid animals also occur, as consequence of natural hybridisation. We analyse the chromosomes of P. distincta, P. tetraploidea, and their triploid hybrids, to enlighten the origin of polyploidy and to obtain some evidence on diploidisation of tetraploid karyotype.ResultsPhyllomedusa distincta was 2n = 2x = 26, whereas P. tetraploidea was 2n = 4x = 52, and the hybrid individuals was 2n = 3x = 39. In meiotic phases, bivalents were observed in the diploid males, whereas both bivalents and tetravalents were observed in the tetraploid males. Univalents, bivalents or trivalents; metaphase II cells carrying variable number of chromosomes; and spermatids were detected in the testis preparations of the triploid males, indicating that the triploids were not completely sterile. In natural and experimental conditions, the triploids cross with the parental species, producing abnormal egg clutches and tadpoles with malformations. The embryos and tadpoles exhibited intraindividual karyotype variability and all of the metaphases contained abnormal constitutions. Multiple NORs, detected by Ag-impregnation and FISH with an rDNA probe, were observed on chromosome 1 in the three karyotypic forms; and, additionally, on chromosome 9 in the diploids, mostly on chromosome 8 in the tetraploids, and on both chromosome 8 and 9 in the triploids. Nevertheless, NOR-bearing chromosome 9 was detected in the tetraploids, and chromosome 9 carried active or inactive NORs in the triploids. C-banding, base-specific fluorochrome stainings with CMA3 and DAPI, FISH with a telomeric probe, and BrdU incorporation in DNA showed nearly equivalent patterns in the karyotypes of P. distincta, P. tetraploidea, and the triploid hybrids.ConclusionsAll the used cytogenetic techniques have provided strong evidence that the process of diploidisation, an essential step for stabilising the selective advantages produced by polyploidisation, is under way in distinct quartets of the tetraploid karyotype.

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Cytogenetic analysis of two species in the Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis group (Anura, Hylidae)

et al. 2012

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The genus Phyllomedusa has been the target of regular taxonomic investigations. The species Phyllomedusa nordestina was recently separated from P. hypochondrialis. Morphological variations in the P. rohdei interpopulation have already been reported, suggesting the existence of more than one taxon under that name. In the present study, we have cytogenetically characterized two populations of P. nordestina and one of P. rohdei. Both species displayed 2n = 26 chromosomes with 12 metacentric, 12 submetacentric and 2 subtelocentric chromosomes. The C-banding analyses revealed discrete differences in the quantity of centromeric heterochromatin between the two species. The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) was detected in pair 9 of both species, but is located in the pericentromeric region of the short arm in P. nordestina and in the long arm subtelomeric region of P. rohdei. Chromosomal data from this study indicate karyotypic homeology between the two groups of P. hypochondrialis species and suggest the existence of more than one taxon under the P. rohdei name.

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Karyotypes and Ag‐NORs inPhyllomedusa cambaDe La Riva, 1999 andP. rhodeiMertens, 1926 (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae): cytotaxonomic considerations

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of the taxonomic status of populations assigned to Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae) based on molecular, chromosomal, and morphological approach

Evaluation of the taxonomic status of populations assigned to Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae) based on molecular, chromosomal, and morphological approach

Cytogenetic analysis of Phyllomedusa distincta Lutz, 1950 (2n = 2x = 26), P. tetraploidea Pombal and Haddad, 1992 (2n = 4x = 52), and their natural triploid hybrids (2n = 3x = 39) (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae)

Cytogenetic analysis of two species in the Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis group (Anura, Hylidae)

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