Karyotype analysis of seven cultivated varieties ofCapsicum annuumL.

Abstract

The karyomorphology of seven different cultivated varieties of Capsicum annuum L. was studied to determine similarities and differences amongst the karyotypes and to provide diagnostic features of the different chromosomes in the haploid complement of each variety. Capsicum annuum exhibits certain morphological variations with respect to fruit size, fruit stalk length, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, etc. Therefore seven morphologically distinct varieties were used for studies. It was observed that although the somatic chromosome number is the same (2n = 24) in all the seven varieties studied, they differed markedly in their chromosome morphology and total haploid chromatin length. The total length of the haploid complement in the varieties studied varied from 48.26 to 62.96 μm. All the varieties have comparable chromosome size, karyotype symmetry and chromosome types. The number of satellites varied from 1 to 2 and they were present at the end of the short arm. Long arm/short arm ratio was the highest in cultivated variety Pusa sadabahar, showing its advanced nature. The total haploid chromatin length was found to have a significant positive correlation with the pericarp weight, number of seeds/fruit, fruit stalk length, fruit girth and fruit surface area. Thus from the karyotype features, the varieties appear to be distinct. The seven cultivated varieties of Capsicum annuum L. have comparable chromosome size, karyotype symmetry and chromosome types. They exhibit close relationships which indicate their probable origin from a common ancestor. In finer details, some recognizable differences were noticed between the varieties. Thus the karyotype analysis of the seven varieties revealed that minute structural alteration of chromosomes associated with genomic chromatin length, etc, has played an important role in establishment of new cultivated varieties.

A comparative study of the capsaicinoid and phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant activities of the peppers of the genus Capsicum: an application of chemometrics

“…For all peppers, the seed extracts were richer in capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin than the pulp extracts. These data confirm the high differences found between seeds and pulps previously reported by several studies (Andrew 1994;Arora et al 2011;Cheema and Pant 2011;Pandhair and Sharma 2008;Reyes-Escogido et al 2011), Red habanero and orange habanero seed extracts showed the highest capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents and the bell pepper extracts the lowest. Actually, capsaicin was not detected in the bell pepper extracts (pulp and seed).…”

EX-SITU Characterization of Luffa aegyptaica in Lagos State, Nigeria

“…Genetic diversity study Luffa aegyptiaca DNA was extracted following the method of (19,20) while the RAPD PCR reaction was carried out using the method of (21,22). The result from the molecular study was scored to generate a dendrogram using NTsys (2.0j).…”

Karyotype analysis of theCalligonum mongolicumcomplex (Polygonaceae) from Northwest China

“…(These data are also important to elucidate the origin, speciation and phylogenetic relationships of plants; see Stebbins 1971;Pavlova and Tosheva 2005;Cheema and Pant 2013;Eroglu et al 2013. ) The chromosome numbers of several species of Calligonum have been reported (Alexandrova and Soskov 1969;Wang and Yang 1985;Wang and Guan 1986;Shi et al 2009), but only the karyotype of C. rubicundum Los.…”