Karyology, nuclear DNA quantification and nucleus-cytoplasmic domain variations in some multinucleate green algae (Siphonocladales, Chlorophyta)

Kapraun, Donald F.; Nguyen, M. N.

doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-33-1-42.1

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The number of nuclei in cladophoralean species is highly variable and generally proportional to cell size. Most cladophoralean taxa have relatively large cells (ranging from several mm to several mm across) with hundreds or even thousands of nuclei, arranged in cytoplasmic domains (Kapraun & Nguyen, 1994). The cells of U. curvatum typically contain 2-4 nuclei (Rueness, 1992;Maggs & O'Kelly, 2007), comparable to numbers found in Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey, which has cell dimensions of the same order of magnitude (mostly 5-20 mm in diameter) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics of the marine microfilamentous green algaeUronema curvatumandUrospora microscopica(Chlorophyta)

Leliaert

Rueness

Boedeker

et al. 2009

European Journal of Phycology

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The microfilamentous green alga Uronema curvatum is widely distributed along the western and eastern coasts of the north Atlantic Ocean where it typically grows on crustose red algae and on haptera of kelps in subtidal habitats. The placement of this marine species in a genus of freshwater Chlorophyceae had been questioned. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclearencoded small and large subunit rDNA sequences reveal that U. curvatum is closely related to the ulvophycean order Cladophorales, with which it shares a number of morphological features, including a siphonocladous level of organization and zoidangial development. The divergent phylogenetic position of U. curvatum, sister to the rest of the Cladophorales, along with a combination of distinctive morphological features, such as the absence of pyrenoids, the diminutive size of the unbranched filaments and the discoid holdfast, warrants the recognition of a separate genus, Okellya, within a new family of Cladophorales, Okellyaceae. The epiphytic Urospora microscopica from Norway, which has been allied with U. curvatum, is revealed as a member of the cladophoralean genus Chaetomorpha and is herein transferred to that genus as C. norvegica nom. nov.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics of the marine microfilamentous green algaeUronema curvatumandUrospora microscopica(Chlorophyta)

Leliaert

Rueness

Boedeker

et al. 2009

European Journal of Phycology

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“…Extracted erythrocytes were spread evenly on a slide, allowed to air dry, stained with 0.5 lg/mL DAPI for 30 min, and rinsed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 10 min before being cover-slipped. To determine DNA content, fish erythrocyte mean fluorescence intensity values (I f ) were compared with those for DAPI-stained chicken erythrocytes (Kapraun and Nguyen 1994;Kapraun and Dunwoody 2002) with a known DNA content of 2.5 pg (Gregory 2007). DAPI binds by a non-intercalative mechanism to adenine and thymine rich regions of DNA which contain at least four A-T base pairs (Portugal and Waring 1988).…”

Section: Erythrocyte Dna Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear DNA content variation associated with muscle fiber hypertrophic growth in fishes

Jiménez

Kinsey

2011

J Comp Physiol B

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Muscle fiber hypertrophic growth can lead to an increase in the myonuclear domain (MND), leading to greater diffusion distances within the cytoplasmic volume that each nucleus services. We tested the hypothesis that hypertrophic growth in the white muscle of fishes was associated with increases in the mean DNA content of nuclei, which may be a strategy to offset increasing diffusion constraints. DAPI-stained chicken erythrocytes standards and image analysis were used to estimate nuclear DNA content in erythrocytes and muscle fibers from 17 fish species. Mean diploid (2C) values in fish erythrocytes ranged from 0.78 to 7.2 pg. Erythrocyte 2C values were used to determine ploidy level in muscle tissue of small and large size classes of each species. Within each species, mean muscle fiber diameter was greater in the large size class than the small size class, and MND was significantly greater in larger fibers for 11 of the 17 species. Nuclear DNA content per species in muscle ranged from 2 to 64C. Fiber-size dependent increases in ploidy were observed in nine species, which is consistent with our hypothesis and indicates that endoreduplication is occurring during fiber growth. However, two species exhibited significantly lower ploidy in the larger size class, and the mechanistic basis and potential advantage of this ploidy shift is unclear. These results suggest that increases in ploidy may be a common mechanism to compensate for increases in MND associated with fiber hypertrophy in fishes, although it is likely that other factors also affect ploidy changes that occur in muscle during animal growth.

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“…Nuclear DNA content, referred to as C-values (Gregory, 2005), represents multiples of the minimum amount of DNA corresponding to the non-replicated haploid chromosome complement (Gall, 1981;Goff & Coleman, 1984). In this study, the determination of the nuclear ploidy level was based on the positive correlation between DNA content and nuclear size (Price, 1976;Whittick, 1986;Kapraun, 1994;Kapraun & Nguyen, 1994). By measuring the relative fluorescence area (rfa) of DAPI-stained nuclear DNA, the cell-cycle stage and the C-value of the cells were inferred.…”

Section: Nuclear Dna Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microspectrophotometry has been widely used to demonstrate nuclear DNA content variation associated with haploid and diploid phases (Goff & Coleman, 1984;Deshmukhe & Tatewaki, 1993;Bennett & Leitch, 2005;Kapraun, 2007), but the required equipment is expensive and increasingly unavailable (Choi et al, 1994). In contrast, image analysis systems which provide accurate relative nuclear DNA content estimates (Vilhar et al, 2001;Hardie et al, 2002) are more readily available and have been successfully used for algal investigations (Choi et al, 1994;Kapraun & Nguyen, 1994;Lee et al, 1995;Masuda et al, 1996;Schnetter et al, 2000;Bleckwenn et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic meiosis in the life history ofBonnemaisonia asparagoidesandBonnemaisonia clavata(Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta) from the Iberian peninsula

Soler

Garreta

Siguán

2009

European Journal of Phycology

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Carpospores isolated from Bonnemaisonia asparagoides and Bonnemaisonia clavata (Bonnemaisoniaceae, Rhodophyta) and grown in culture developed into their respective 'Hymenoclonium' prostrate phases. In both species, young gametophytes were initiated directly on the prostrate phase from tetrasporangia-like protuberances. Comparison of the relative fluorescence area (rfa) of nuclear DNA over the sequence of life-history stages indicated that the lowest ploidy levels (1-2C) occurred in the gametophytes, whereas the lowest ploidy levels in the prostrate phases were 2-4C. Rfa data demonstrated that meiosis occurred in the tetrasporangia-like protuberances where 1C values were recorded. The present observations establish that B. asparagoides and B. clavata have a heteromorphic diplohaplontic life history, which involves a haploid gametophyte produced directly on a diploid prostate phase after somatic meiosis. We conclude that the life history of these taxa corresponds to the Lemanea-type. This indicates that the life history of several Bonnemaisoniales with a 'Hymenoclonium' phase but lacking tetrasporangia requires re-investigation.

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Karyology, nuclear DNA quantification and nucleus-cytoplasmic domain variations in some multinucleate green algae (Siphonocladales, Chlorophyta)

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Systematics of the marine microfilamentous green algaeUronema curvatumandUrospora microscopica(Chlorophyta)

Systematics of the marine microfilamentous green algaeUronema curvatumandUrospora microscopica(Chlorophyta)

Nuclear DNA content variation associated with muscle fiber hypertrophic growth in fishes

Somatic meiosis in the life history ofBonnemaisonia asparagoidesandBonnemaisonia clavata(Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta) from the Iberian peninsula

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