Karyological studies in Hyoscyamus species of Iran

Sheidai, Masoud; Mosallanejad, Maryam; Khatamsaz, M

doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1999.tb01130.x

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Yuan et al [7] propose for the section a base chromosome number x = 12 that is concordant with the well-supported taxonomic position of Hyascyameae within Solanoideae, which together with Nicotianoideae belong to the strongly supported monophyletic “x = 12” clade [49]. Accordingly, Anisodus , Atropanthe and Scopolia (2n = 48), Przewalskia (2n = 44), and Physochlaina (2n = 42) are considered as tetraploids, whereas Hyoscyamus possesses various chromosome numbers and ploidy levels [7, 50, 51]. In contrast, Tu et al [52] believe that the basic chromosome number in the section is 6 (x = 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Evolutional dynamics of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA in ancient allohexaploid Atropa belladonna

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPolyploid hybrids represent a rich natural resource to study molecular evolution of plant genes and genomes. Here, we applied a combination of karyological and molecular methods to investigate chromosomal structure, molecular organization and evolution of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in nightshade, Atropa belladonna (fam. Solanaceae), one of the oldest known allohexaploids among flowering plants. Because of their abundance and specific molecular organization (evolutionarily conserved coding regions linked to variable intergenic spacers, IGS), 45S and 5S rDNA are widely used in plant taxonomic and evolutionary studies.ResultsMolecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of A. belladonna 45S rDNA repeats revealed a general structure characteristic of other Solanaceae species, and a very high sequence similarity of two length variants, with the only difference in number of short IGS subrepeats. These results combined with the detection of three pairs of 45S rDNA loci on separate chromosomes, presumably inherited from both tetraploid and diploid ancestor species, example intensive sequence homogenization that led to substitution/elimination of rDNA repeats of one parent. Chromosome silver-staining revealed that only four out of six 45S rDNA sites are frequently transcriptionally active, demonstrating nucleolar dominance. For 5S rDNA, three size variants of repeats were detected, with the major class represented by repeats containing all functional IGS elements required for transcription, the intermediate size repeats containing partially deleted IGS sequences, and the short 5S repeats containing severe defects both in the IGS and coding sequences. While shorter variants demonstrate increased rate of based substitution, probably in their transition into pseudogenes, the functional 5S rDNA variants are nearly identical at the sequence level, pointing to their origin from a single parental species. Localization of the 5S rDNA genes on two chromosome pairs further supports uniparental inheritance from the tetraploid progenitor.ConclusionsThe obtained molecular, cytogenetic and phylogenetic data demonstrate complex evolutionary dynamics of rDNA loci in allohexaploid species of Atropa belladonna. The high level of sequence unification revealed in 45S and 5S rDNA loci of this ancient hybrid species have been seemingly achieved by different molecular mechanisms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-0978-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Accordingly, multiple rDNA loci appear to be rare in “x = 12” clade and were found only in a few terminal clades that demonstrate intensive chromosomal evolution [50, 53, 55]. Thus, the available data show that Atropa most probably originated from parental species possessing single 5S and 45S rDNA locus per chromosomal set.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutional dynamics of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA in ancient allohexaploid Atropa belladonna

et al. 2017

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“…The number of satellited pairs is variable within Solanaceae; for instance, Capsicum species displayed one to four satellited pairs (Moscone 1999), Lycium always showed one (Stiefkens and Bernardello 2002) and species of Hyoscyamus may have one to three pairs (Sheidai et al 1999). Many Solanum showed satellites in the short arms: one pair (as here found in both clades), two pairs (in S. pseudolulo, Bernardello et al 1994), three pairs (in species of the S. indicum complex, Krishnappa and Chennaveeraiah 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karyotypes of South American species of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades (Solanum, Solanaceae)

2013

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A karyotypic study on South American representatives of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades of Solanum was conducted to contribute to a better understanding of their relationships. Mitotic chromosomes of 26 species were examined (13 of which were previously unknown). All taxa presented 2n = 2x = 24 and had small chromosomes (less than 4 μm long) with the exception of S. crispum. Most species displayed symmetrical karyotypes, being 78% and 69% m, 19% and 25% sm and 3% and 6% st for the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades, respectively. Solanum crispum (Dulcamaroid clade) was unique by having mostly sm chromosomes and S. sinuatirecurvum (Morelloid clade) stood out with four st pairs and an exclusive pair of satellites in long arms. Solanum tripartitum was the sole entity exhibiting an sm pair with satellites. Most examined species of these clades resulted karyologically indistinguishable, based on conventionally stained mitotic chromosomes. Molecular analyses are needed to gain a better knowledge of the possible karyoevolutionary trends of both clades.

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“…Although several chromosome studies have been made in Solanaceae with profitable results (Bernardello & Anderson, 1990; Moscone, 1992; Moscone et al ., 1995, 2003; Sheidai, Mosallanejad & Khatamsaz, 1999; Acosta & Moscone, 2000; Acosta et al ., 2005; Chiarini & Bernardello, 2006), available information on these aspects in Jaborosa is relatively scarce. Until now, the chromosome numbers of only five species were known (Ratera, 1943; Vignoli, 1945; Rahn, 1960; Moore, 1981) and karyotypes were lacking for all members of the genus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is unfortunate as chromosome numbers and karyotype information are important in the study of evolutionary patterns (Raven, 1975) and can be as systematically useful as morphological features (Stebbins, 1958, 1971). Indeed, the karyotypes of several species of Atropa and Lycium (Stiefkens & Bernardello, 1996, 2000, 2002; Badr et al ., 1997) and of species of the less closely related genera Anisodus , Przewalskia , Atropanthe , and Hyoscyamus (Sheidai et al ., 1999; Tu et al ., 2005) are available and reveal different patterns of chromosome evolution. This type of analysis is bound to become more important when more molecular data on chromosome organization and size have been collected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karyological studies in Jaborosa (Solanaceae)

Chiarini

Barboza

2008

Botan J Linn Soc

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Sixteen species of Jaborosa (Solanaceae), including eight endemic to Argentina, were studied karyologically. The numbers n = 12 and/or 2n = 24 were found in all species, the majority of the cases being new reports. Mitotic chromosomes were small-to medium-sized, the average length varying from 2.95 to 4.93 mm. All species had one to three chromosome pairs with satellites. The karyotypes, obtained for 13 species, were slightly asymmetrical: A1 ranged from 0.228 to 0.483, A2 ranged from 0.095 to 0.182, and Paszko's asymmetry index ranged from 0.84 to 3.47. In all species, metacentric chromosomes were the most common, followed by submetacentrics, but subtelocentrics were rare. Morphological similarities and sectional arrangements were not reflected in either a principal components analysis plot or asymmetry index plot, but the species could be singled out by their karyotype formulae and the different karyotype parameters taken. In Jaborosa, a notably diversified genus, exo-morphological evolution has taken place, together with evident chromosome rearrangements, whose disposition is different and not as clear as in related genera.

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Karyological studies in Hyoscyamus species of Iran

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Evolutional dynamics of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA in ancient allohexaploid Atropa belladonna

Evolutional dynamics of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA in ancient allohexaploid Atropa belladonna

Karyotypes of South American species of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades (Solanum, Solanaceae)

Karyological studies in Jaborosa (Solanaceae)

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