Karyological conservatism in South American camelids

Bianchi, Néstor O.; Larramendy, Marcelo L.; Bianchi, Martha S.; Cortés, Liliana Jazmín

doi:10.1007/bf01955563

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This region was not painted by Zoo-FISH [Balmus et al, 2007] either, suggesting the presence of heterochromatic sequences in this segment of LPA4. Heterochromatic sequences are prevailing also in the majority of the short arms of the alpaca/camel chromosomes as previously shown by C-banding [Bianchi et al, 1986;Di Berardino et al, 2006;Avila et al, 2014]. This explains why in this study markers were mapped to only 8 out of 35 short arms, viz., LPA7p,9p,11p,14p,16p,23p,34p,and Xp ( fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Karyotypic conservation in camelids has been well established [Bunch et al, 1985;Bianchi et al, 1986;Di Berardino et al, 2006;Balmus et al, 2007;Avila et al, 2014;Raudsepp, 2014]. Furthermore, the alpaca gene map constructed in this study ( fig.…”

Section: Comparative Mapping Between the Alpaca And The Dromedary Camelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytogenetic studies in alpacas and other camelids date back to the late 1960s, when the correct diploid number (2n = 74) was established for all species Benirschke, 1967, 1974;Taylor et al, 1968;Koulischer et al, 1971]. Despite distinct adaptations and physiological and anatomical differences between the species, the karyotypes of all camelids have remained remarkably conserved [Bunch et al, 1985;Bianchi et al, 1986]. At the same time, identification of individual chromosomes in any camelid species remains challenging owing to the high diploid number, similar morphology and banding patterns between different chromosome pairs, as well as heterochromatin size polymorphism between homologous chromosomes [Bunch et al, 1985;Bianchi et al, 1986;Avila et al, 2014;Raudsepp, 2014].…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Whole-Genome Integrated Cytogenetic Map for the Alpaca (Lama pacos)

Avila

Baily²,

Perelman³

et al. 2014

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Genome analysis of the alpaca (Lama pacos, LPA) has progressed slowly compared to other domestic species. Here, we report the development of the first comprehensive whole-genome integrated cytogenetic map for the alpaca using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and CHORI-246 BAC library clones. The map is comprised of 230 linearly ordered markers distributed among all 36 alpaca autosomes and the sex chromosomes. For the first time, markers were assigned to LPA14, 21, 22, 28, and 36. Additionally, 86 genes from 15 alpaca chromosomes were mapped in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius, CDR), demonstrating exceptional synteny and linkage conservation between the 2 camelid genomes. Cytogenetic mapping of 191 protein-coding genes improved and refined the known Zoo-FISH homologies between camelids and humans: we discovered new homologous synteny blocks (HSBs) corresponding to HSA1-LPA/CDR11, HSA4-LPA/CDR31 and HSA7-LPA/CDR36, and revised the location of breakpoints for others. Overall, gene mapping was in good agreement with the Zoo-FISH and revealed remarkable evolutionary conservation of gene order within many human-camelid HSBs. Most importantly, 91 FISH-mapped markers effectively integrated the alpaca whole-genome sequence and the radiation hybrid maps with physical chromosomes, thus facilitating the improvement of the sequence assembly and the discovery of genes of biological importance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Comparative Mapping Between the Alpaca And The Dromedary Camelmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Whole-Genome Integrated Cytogenetic Map for the Alpaca (Lama pacos)

Avila

Baily²,

Perelman³

et al. 2014

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…Subsequent studies showed similarities in the conventional karyotypes of the guanaco, Bactrian camel and dromedary (Taylor et al 1968). In the 1980s the extensive homology of the Bactrian camel, guanaco and llama chromosomes was confirmed by GTGbanding (Bunch et al 1985) and G-, C-and NORbanding patterns of the South American camelid karyotypes (llama, guanaco, vicuna and alpaca) also showed these to be very similar (Bianchi et al 1986). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Cross-species chromosome painting among camel, cattle, pig and human: further insights into the putative Cetartiodactyla ancestral karyotype

et al. 2007

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The great karyotypic differences between camel, cattle and pig, three important domestic animals, have been a challenge for comparative cytogenetic studies based on conventional cytogenetic approaches. To construct a genome-wide comparative chromosome map among these artiodactyls, we made a set of chromosome painting probes from the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) by flow sorting and degenerate oligonucleotide primed-PCR. The painting probes were first used to characterize the karyotypes of the dromedary camel (C. dromedarius), the Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus), the guanaco (Lama guanicoe), the alpaca (L. pacos) and dromedary x guanaco hybrid karyotypes (all with 2n = 74). These FISH experiments enabled the establishment of a high-resolution GTG-banded karyotype, together with chromosome nomenclature and idiogram for C. dromedarius, and revealed that these camelid species have almost identical karyotypes, with only slight variations in the amount and distribution patterns of heterochromatin. Further cross-species chromosome painting between camel, cattle, pig and human with painting probes from the camel and human led to the establishment of genome-wide comparative maps. Between human and camel, pig and camel, and cattle and camel 47, 53 and 53 autosomal conserved segments were detected, respectively. Integrated analysis with previously published comparative maps of human/pig/cattle enabled us to propose a Cetartiodactyla ancestral karyotype and to discuss the early karyotype evolution of Cetartiodactyla. Furthermore, these maps will facilitate the positional cloning of genes by aiding the cross-species transfer of mapping information.

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“…et aL, 1984;Bunch, Foote & Maciulis, 1985;Bianchi et al, 1986) show the four camelids of South America -guanaco (Lama guanicoe), alpaca (Lama pacos), ilama (Lama glama) and vicufia (Vicugna vicugna) -to be closely related. At the molecular level five fractions of satellite DNA were detected in all four South American (S.A.) camelids (Vidal Rioja et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restriction site patterns in the ribosomal DNA of Camelidae

1994

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The restriction map of rDNA from South American camelids and the Bactrian camel was analyzed by digestion of high-molecular-weight DNA with endonucleases EcoRI,BamHI and the two combined followed by Southern blot hybridization with probes for the 18S and 28S rDNA sequences. We scored a total of 17 restriction sites, six of which were mapped conserved in all the species. The other eleven corresponded to spacer regions and revealed variations between these taxa. The study showed that the two groups differ in the length of the internal transcribed spacer. Also they showed the existence of two regions of fast evolution on the opposite termini of the external spacer. A restriction site present at low frequency in the non-transcribed spacer of guanaco and llama was the only difference encountered within the South American group.

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Karyological conservatism in South American camelids

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

A Comprehensive Whole-Genome Integrated Cytogenetic Map for the Alpaca<b><i> (Lama pacos)</i></b>

A Comprehensive Whole-Genome Integrated Cytogenetic Map for the Alpaca<b><i> (Lama pacos)</i></b>

Cross-species chromosome painting among camel, cattle, pig and human: further insights into the putative Cetartiodactyla ancestral karyotype

Restriction site patterns in the ribosomal DNA of Camelidae

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