Karst systems analyzed using borehole logs — Devonian carbonates of the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mountains, central Poland

Coarsely crystalline cryogenic cave carbonate – a new archive to estimate the Last Glacial minimum permafrost depth in Central Europe

“…The single crystals are usually small (several tenths of millimeter to several millimeters) but relatively well-developed. Their stellate aggregates up to approximately 4 cm in size have also been documented (Urban and Złonkiewicz, 1989). More or less regular rhombohedra and, less frequently, scalenohedra are the most commonly detected crystal forms.…”

“…The Weichselian coarsely crystalline CCC has been found in 20 caves located in the territories of Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland. These specific carbonate forms have been recorded in caves in this area since the 1950s (Skřivánek, 1954;Tulis and Novotný, 1989;Urban and Złonkiewicz, 1989;Erlenmeyer and Schudelski, 1992;Schmidt, 1992;Durakiewicz et al, 1995), but their formation processes were not fully explained until the papers of Zák et al (2004) and Richter and Niggemann (2005). Since then, coarsely crystalline CCC has been discovered in other caves in the periglacial zone of the Last Glacial in Europe (Orvošová andŽák, 2007;Richter and Riechelmann, 2008;Richter et al, , 2009aRichter et al, ,b,c, 2010aRichter et al, ,b, 2011Richter et al, , 2012Žák et al, 2008, 2011Meissner et al, 2010).…”

“…All activity ratios reported for both laboratories were calculated using the decay constants from Cheng et al (2000) . Pap and co-workers; (h) Jama Chelosiowa-Jaskinia Jaworznica Cave System, Poland: mapping and section drawing by J. Gubała and A. Kasza, see also Urban and Rzonca (2009). and corrected for detrital Th assuming a bulk Earth Th/ 238 U weight ratio of 3.8 for the detritus and 230 Th, 234 U and 238 U in secular equilibrium.…”

Sustainable forestry and iron compounds in karstic soils: qualitative and semi-quantitative results focused on the occurrence of Fe-compounds on mineral particles

“…The authors are aware that there are no relevant data presented in the paper which give evidence that the colour of recent karstic soils is to be linked to the colour of ancient sediments, but their findings support such an approach. Current local studies (Furlani et al 2009;Urban, Rzonca 2009) reinforce such conclusions. In spite of that, heterogeneity of relic karstic soils where autochthonous soil particles and allochthonous soil sediments are unambiguously found together makes generalization difficult.…”

Re-evaluation of rock core logging for the prediction of preferred orientations of karst in the Kuala Lumpur Limestone Formation

“…However, boreholes are commonly drilled in a less systematic pattern of distribution to form spatial coexistence between two boreholes logs, and this should be taken into consideration in interpreting karst (Urban and Rzonca, 2009). Commonly conducted in the geotechnical study, borehole logs are mainly used to deduce the vertical profile and the distribution of strata in studied area underlain by bedded sequences of rocks.…”