Karst Groundwater Vulnerability and Risk to Pollution Hazard in the Eastern Part of Gunungsewu Karst Area

Abstract

Karst landscape generally has a high vulnerability to pollution. Karst landscape is a landscape that forms from soluble rock. The solution processes results many holes which connecting the surface to underground river networks. Soil and vegetation are generally thin and sparse. The increasing of the population and they various activities can add pressures to the landscapes such as in the eastern parst of Gunungsewu. The karst groundwater management and protection effort need its intrinsic vulnerability and risks to the groundwater pollution hazard characteristics information. The aim of the study are to assess the level of vulnerability and risk of groundwater in the eastern part of Gunungsewu karst area against pollution hazards, as well as making maps of land use directives in the area. Vulnerability and risk to pollution was based on budiyanto’s model. The model was based on remote sensing data of Landsat 8 OLI and GDEM ASTER. The result of this study indicate that most of the study area has a high level of vulnerability to pollution hazard. However, this area mostly has a low level risk to pollution hazard. It is in line to the lack of sources of groundwater pollutants hazard, the presence of soils on karst rocks, and the presence of vegetation cover. Land use direction maps produced based on the level of vulnerability and risk to pollution. It shows that most of these areas are designated as protected areas. However, there are areas for the maintenance of land functions that vulnerable and high risk to pollution.

Chemical characteristics of groundwater and source identification in a coastal city

“…Second, the anthropogenic activities factor mainly refers to the agricultural degree, industrial water discharge and groundwater exploitation. According to the study of the eastern part of Gunugsewu [ 11 ], the increasing population and various activities can add pressure to the landscapes and groundwater. Moreover, by using principal component analysis (PCA), the the karst groundwater hydrogeochemistry in the Carboniferous Taiyuan Basin have indicated that groundwater has been affected by anthropogenic activities [ 12 ].…”

Contamination of E.coli Bacteria in Spamdus Genjahan Water Distribution Network from Karst Groundwater Source

“…Karst groundwater in general has characteristics that are susceptible to pollution (Budiyanto, 2018, Budiyanto et al, 2020Nanou & Zagana, 2018;Chen et al, 2021). The karst landscape where this research was carried out is naturally capable of escaping water quickly, as well as having a low ability to protect its groundwater against contamination.…”

Karst of Gunung Sewu Land Use and Land Covers Dynamics: Spatio-Temporal Analysis

“…Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, has numerous vast karst area landscapes, scattered in most of its islands and taking various forms, from archipelagic types such as Raja Ampat and Derawan-Maratua karst areas (Haryono et al, 2018), to the land conical karst type of Karangbolong, Maros, Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat, and Gunung Sewu Karst Area (Hartawan et al, 2020;Haryono et al, 2017). The karst ecosystem in Indonesia and its LULC support millions of people's livelihoods, including in agriculture, settlement, and tourism sectors, while also generating considerable environmental pressure, such as groundwater pollution (Budiyanto et al, 2020). The denser the population, the greater the pressure exerted, as can be clearly seen at the Karst of Gunung Sewu.…”