A study of karst land use and land cover dynamics is critical for managing karst areas, which provide many pivotal services for people. This study aims to study such dynamics, especially in relation to the karst of Gunung Sewu, due to its development as a new emerging sector. Using a mixed methods approach, the study combines spatial data analysis with qualitative analysis. Spatial analysis was performed to examine the dynamic of the land cover derived from 2013 and 2021 Landsat 8 imagery, analyzed with the Google Earth Engine tool, together with analysis of spatial patterns using Global Moran’s I and LISA. The spatial analysis results were complemented by a qualitative analysis of the environmental history and development trends, as an explanatory method. The land cover analysis reveals a conversion from vegetation to agriculture, while the spatial pattern analysis shows that such conversion has mostly taken place in the northern part of the study area of Wonosari Basin. The environmental history of teak forest exploitation and agriculture is key to understanding current land use related to the emerging tourism sector, which is fundamental to the region. To manage the negative impacts, sustainable land use with a firm policy framework urgently needs to be implemented.
The Gunungsewu karst area is not only known for its unique landscape but also its recurring drought events. To meet the water supply, the local population utilizes several water potentials, namely doline pond, spring, and underground river. This study was designed to analyze the hydrogeological conditions of Mbangsri Cave, following its accidental discovery by the community at the end of 2018. The hydrogeological analysis was conducted by geological surveys, which consisted of rocks collection and structural measurements, cave mapping, and recharge area delineation based on remote sensing images acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles. The results showed that Mbangsri Cave, in the hydrogeological perspective, had low water resources potential. It is believed to be the result of (1) relatively small catchment area, (2) a fault in the southern part of Mbangsri Cave, creating a small groundwater basin, and (3) the thin epikarst layer, limiting the water storage.
Salah satu pilar utama dari UNESCO Global Geopark adalah aspek edukasi yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan apresiasi terhadap nilai penting dan keunikan geologis dari suatu kawasan. Salah satu kawasan tersebut adalah Gunung Sewu UNESCO Global Geopark dimana terdapat proses geologi berupa karstifikasi yang masih berlangsung dan menghasilkan bentukan-bentukan unik dan khas dari kawasan karst seperti sistem perguaan. Proses tersebut, selain menghasilkan keindahan juga memiliki nilai ilmiah sebagai gerbang dalam memahami sejarah geologi. Oleh sebabnya, untuk semakin meningkatkan dan memperkuat kesadaran masyarakat terutama pengunjung UNESCO Global Geopark diperlukan pengemasan informasi sedemikian rupa agar semakin menarik minat pengunjung dalam mempelajari proses dan aspek ilmiah tersebut. Penelitian ini secara kualitatif deskriptif mengkaji bagaimana fotogrametri gua dapat menyediakan geoinformasi untuk memenuhi tujuan dan fungsi Geopark. Selain menggunakan metode fotogrametri untuk menghasilkan geoinformasi yang dibutuhkan, penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode pemetaan gua untuk mendapatkan gambaran keruangan dari gua sebagai fenomena kebumian yang dikaji. Lokasi penelitian berada di Goa Tembus, salah satu geosite Gunung Sewu UNESCO Global Geopark yang berada di Geoarea Wonogiri. Sebagai hasilnya, didapatkan fotogrametri menghasilkan gambaran keruangan gua dengan kekuatan visual yang lebih baik dari peta gua biasa. Selain memiliki kekuatan visual yang lebih tinggi, fotogrametri gua juga memiliki tampilan antarmuka yang interaktif sehingga lebih menarik bagi pengunjung. Pengembangan hasil pemetaan 3-dimensi dari fotogrametri juga dapat dipadankan dengan realitas berimbuh atau realitas visual. Secara ilmiah, fotogrametri juga menampilkan fitur-fitur geologis secara lebih rinci yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menggali dan menganalisis gejala speleogenesis seperti speleomorfologi fitur-fitur ornamen serta speleogen.
Cave entrance data are crucial as the primary indicators in the underground water inventory of a karst area. The data collection was traditionally conducted by field survey, but it is very costly and not efficient. Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) can help estimate cave entrance locations more efficiently. In this study, variables for cave entrance identification were determined using remote sensing and GIS. In addition, the accuracy of the Cave Entrance Location Model (CELM) derived from binary logistic regression was examined. Several remote sensing and geological data were used including ALOS PALSAR Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Elevation Model Nasional (DEMNAS), topographic and geological map. Topographic elements were extracted by using Toposhape and Topographic Position Index (TPI). Contours derived from the topographic map showed the highest accuracy for extraction of topographic elements compared to ALOS PALSAR DEM and DEMNAS, hence it was used for further analysis. Binary logistic regression was applied to estimate the probability of cave entrance locations based on the variables used. The result shows that three topographic variables: ravine, stream, and midslope drainage had a significant value for estimating cave entrance location. Using these variables, logit equation was formulated to generate a probability map. The result shows that cave entrances are likely to be located in a dry valley. The accuracy assessment using the field data showed that 52.77% of cave entrances are located in medium to high potential areas. This suggests that the moderatehigh potential area can indicate potential water resources in karst area.
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