KARAKTER GENOTIPE TIGA POPULASI IKAN RAINBOW AJAMARU (Melanotaenia ajamaruensis) DARI ALAM DAN BUDIDAYA MENGGUNAKAN RAPD

Abstract

ABSTRAKIkan rainbow Ajamaru (Melanotaenia ajamarunensis) yang dinyatakan punah pada tahun 1996 merupakan ikan endemik dari Danau Ajamaru, Papua. Namun ikan ini berhasil ditemukan kembali pada tahun 2007 di Sungai Kaliwensi, Sorong, Papua. Domestikasi ex-situ ikan rainbow Ajamaru sedang dilakukan di Balai Riset Budidaya ikan Hias, Depok-Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi perbedaan genotipe ikan rainbow Ajamaru di alam dan budidaya melalui analisis keragaman genetik untuk melihat adanya perubahan genetik, migrasi maupun mutasi gen. Metode yang digunakan adalah Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) dengan 3 jenis primer (OPA 03, OPB 6, dan OPZ 5). Setiap populasi baik, dari alam (Papua) maupun budidaya (Depok dan Papua) masing-masing diambil secara acak sebanyak 10 sampel ikan uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai keragaman genetik pada ikan di alam lebih rendah (62,5%) dibanding ikan budidaya di Papua (70,31%) dan tertinggi pada ikan budidaya di Depok (73,43%). Heterozigositas pada ikan di alam lebih rendah (0,172) dibanding ikan budidaya di Papua (0,241) dan di Depok (0,270). Jarak genetik terjauh ditunjukkan antara populasi ikan alam dan populasi ikan budidaya Papua, sedangkan jarak genetik terdekat antara populasi ikan budidaya di Papua dengan di Depok. Karakter genotipe yang dihasilkan pada tiga populasi ikan rainbow Ajamaru adalah memiliki corak DNA yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Perbedaan yang dihasilkan dari karakter genotipe karena respon genotip dari tiap individu dan daya adaptasi ikan berbedabeda pada habitat yang berbeda. KATA KUNCI: ikan rainbow; Melanotaenia; genetic; RAPD ABSTRACT: Genotype characterization of three populations of Ajamaru rainbow fish using RAPD. By: Erma Primanita Hayuningtyas, Shofihar Sinansari, Melta Rini Fahmi, Eni Kusrini, and Bastiar NurAjamaru rainbow, an endemic fish from Lake Ajamaru, Papua, once declared extinct in 1996. However, it was rediscovered in 2007, in Kaliwensi River, Sorong, Papua. Currently, the Ajamaru rainbow fish is being domesticated exsitu at the Research Center for Ornamental Fish Culture, Depok, West Java. The aim of the research was to determine the genotype characteristics of wild and cultured Ajamaru rainbow including genetic change, drift, migration, and mutation using genetic variance analysis. The genetic analysis applied was Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using OPA-03, OPB-6, and OPZ-5 primers. Ten samples were used for each population. The results showed that the three populations of Ajamaru rainbow fish have significantly different (P<0.05) of DNA polymorphism. The lowest value of genetic variance was found in the wild fish (62.5%) followed by the cultured fish located in Papua (70.31%), and the highest was observed in the cultured fish located in Depok (73.43%). Heterozygosity of the wild fish was lower (0.172) than that of the cultured fish in Papua (0.241) and in Depok (0.270). The high genetic distance was found between the wild and cultured fish from Papua. The closest relationship was between the fish culture ...

Genetic diversity of six populations of Ajamaru rainbowfish (Melanotaenia ajamaruensis) with different breeding ratios

“…Ajamaru rainbowfish fins of as much as 10-25 mg are crushed, then add lysis solution or incinerator, incubated until dissolved, then separated from RNA, protein, and other contaminants through a centrifugation process, also carried out the addition of wash buffer and alcohol to perfect the DNA washing process to be free from DNA washing contaminants. Finally, add an elution buffer or nuclease-free water to produce a pure DNA genome [4], [13].…”

“…The result of the second expedition in 2017 conducted by researchers at the Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture has collected Ajamaru rainbowfish from their natural habitat, the Kaliwensi river. Ajamaru rainbowfish cultivation has been conducted since 2017 at the Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture [1]- [4].…”

“…Wild Ajamaru rainbowfish have lower genotype quality than cultured fish because the population is limited to only one region. Aquaculture fish have a higher genetic diversity than natural fish because they can adapt well and have varied genetic sources [4]. One of the efforts made to improve the genetic quality of fish is through the Breeding Program.…”

“…In ornamental fish, genetic diversity research using the RAPD method has been carried out on clownfish [11], Guppy [12], Kurumoi rainbowfish [13], and Synodontis [14]. Previous research has also been conducted on the genetic diversity of the Ajamaru rainbowfish to compare natural catches and aquaculture results with increased genetic diversity without known causative factors [4]. The absence of research that explains the number of broodstock ratios used in increasing genetic diversity in Ajamaru rainbowfish is an exciting thing to study in this research.…”

VARIASI GENETIK TIGA GENERASI IKAN HIAS CUPANG ALAM ENDEMIK DARI ACEH Betta rubra, Perugia 1893 (Pisces: Osphronemidae), HASIL BUDIDAYA

“…RAPD atau randomly amplified polymorphic DNA merupakan salah satu metode molekular yang menggunakan single primer dengan 10 basa nucleotida. Metode RAPD merupakan metode yang sering digunakan untuk karakterisasi berbagai spesies ikan di antaranya karakterisasi populasi ikan tengadak (Kusmini et al, 2016), variasi genetik ikan baronang (Lante et al, 2012), keragaman genetik empat populasi ikan rajadanu (Cahyanti et al, 2014), variasi genetik ikan tambakan (Kristanto et al, 2017), karakter genotipe ikan Rainbow ajamaru (Hayuningtyas et al, 2018), keragaman genetik ikan Belida (Nugroho et al, 2019) dan masih banyak penelitian lainnya terkait keragaman genetik. Keragaman genetik dideteksi menggunakan RAPD dilakukan untuk melihat tingkat polimorfisme, heterozigositas, serta hubungan kekerabatan yang terjadi secara inter maupun intra-populasi.…”