Kapillargaschromatographische Bestimmung flüchtiger und tabakspezifischer N-Nitrosamine mittels des Thermo-Energy-Analyzers

Begutter, H.; Klus, H.; Ultsch, I.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)90467-4

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We have recently developed an analytical method sensitive enough to determine TSNA in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) [2], and, in the meantime, our preliminary findings have been confirmed by Brunnemann et al [3] who have reported the presence of 8.3 and 9.3 ng/M3 NNK in the indoor air of a smoke-polluted bar.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Tobacco-Specific and Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Environmental Tobacco Smoke of Offices

et al. 1992

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The tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) as well as the volatile N-nitrosamines N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) were determined in the indoor air of a poorly ventilated office where extensive smoking took place. Under these conditions, moderate to heavy smoking resulted in indoor air concentrations of 7.6-20.0 ppm carbon monoxide, 109-290 ppb nitrogen oxides and 58.5-132 μg/m 3 nicotine. The N-nitrosamine concentrationes were (in nanograms/cubic meter): not detected (nd)-6.0 NNN, nd-13.5 NNK, 7.9-45.0 NDMA and 3.5-27.0 ng/m3 NPYR. Occupation of the office by a nonsmoker for 1 h would result in a maximum exposure to 0.01 μg TSNA and 0.03 μg volatile N-nitrosamines.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Nitrosamine analysis was performed by capillary gas chromatography with detection using a thermal energy analyzer (TEA Model 502; Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass., USA) according to a published method [2]. The presence of N-nitrosamines was confirmed by rechromatography after photolysis of the sample at 365 nm [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco-Specific and Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Environmental Tobacco Smoke of Offices

et al. 1992

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show abstract

“…We have recently developed an analytical method sensitive enough to determine TSNA in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) [2], and, in the meantime, our preliminary findings have been con firmed by Brunnemann et al [3] who have reported the presence of 8.3 and 9.3 ng/m3 NNK in the indoor air of a smoke-polluted bar.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…After sampling, the buffer was extracted with methylene chloride and the extract separated by chromatography (basic aluminum oxide; Woelm II-III, Eschwege, BRD) into two fractions containing volatile nitrosamines and TSNA. Nitrosamine analysis was performed by capillary gas chromatography with detection using a thermal energy analyzer (TEA Model 502; Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass., USA) according to a published method [2], The presence of N-nitro samines was confirmed by rechromatography after photolysis of the sample at 365 nm [4], Direct on-line measurement was performed for CO (Carbon Monoxide Analyzer Model 8310; Monitor Labs Inc., USA) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxide Analyzer Model 8840; Monitor Labs Inc., USA).…”

Section: Analysis Of Etsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco-Specific and Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Environmental Tobacco Smoke of Offices

Klus¹,

Begutter²,

Scherer³

et al. 1992

Indoor Built Environ

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The tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK) as well as the volatile N-nitrosamines N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) were determined in the indoor air of a poorly ventilated office where extensive smoking took place. Under these conditions, moderate to heavy smoking resulted in indoor air concentrations of 7.6-20.0 ppm carbon monoxide, 109-290 ppb nitrogen oxides and 58.5-132 μg/m^3 nicotine. The N-nitrosamine concentrationes were (in nanograms/cubic meter): not detected (nd)-6.0 NNN, nd-13.5NNK, 7.9-45.0 NDMA and 3.5-27.0 ng/m^3 NPYR. Occupation of the office by a nonsmoker for 1 h would result in a maximum exposure to 0.01 pg TSNA and 0.03 pg volatile N-nitrosamines.

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“…Ammonia and volatile nitrogen bases generated during the curing process (34) are partly removed by heat treatment during toasting resulting in lower levels of these components in smoke (25). Traces of volatile Nnitrosamines, such as N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine, may also be detected in untreated Burley tobacco (35). These nitrosamines are steam volatile; a distinct reduction is observed in Burley tobaccos after toasting (36).…”

Section: Reasons For the Use Of Tobacco Addi-tives In Cigarette Manufmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Additives on Cigarette Related Health Risks

Klus¹,

Scherer²,

Müller

2012

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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Tobacco additives play an important role in the manufacturing and for the quality of tobacco products, particularly cigarettes and roll-your-own tobaccos. Attention is increasingly given to the potential effects of additives on consumer behavior and health. This review is intended to compile, collate and - to some degree - evaluate the wealth of pertinent scientific information available from the published literature and other special sources. At first, the reasons are set forth for the use of additives in cigarette manufacturing. In response to the growing controversy over the attractiveness and addictiveness of smoking, the clarification of terms and concepts is followed by a detailed discussion of two kinds of substances with particular relevance: Additives like ammonium compounds that are claimed to increase nicotine availability, and additives that are claimed to increase nicotine addictiveness.The composition and toxicity of mainstream smoke of cigarettes with and without additives are assessed in several respects. The potentials of pyrolysis studies are explored by looking at a number of key studies and some basic considerations regarding in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing are addressed. Five major literature reviews on additives published between 1994 and 2004, and the results of several comprehensive experimental studies covering a large range of additives, released between 2002 and 2012, are dealt with in detail. Single tobacco additives of particular importance (menthol, glycerol, 1,2-propylene glycol, sorbitol, sugars, cocoa, licorice, citric acid, triacetin, and ammonium compounds) are discussed in dedicated chapters, which are generally subdivided into special sections: Use and toxicological assessment; inclusion level in cigarettes, transfer and pyrolysis; attractiveness and addictiveness; effect on cigarette mainstream smoke composition; effect on cigarette mainstream smoke toxicity. Epidemiological findings and data obtained by the biomonitoring of smokers consuming cigarettes with and without additives are compiled and interpreted specifically for American blend cigarettes, Virginia cigarettes, “French” (dark) cigarettes and menthol cigarettes whereby the focus is on the effects of additives on smoking topography and potential health risks.Opinionated reviews were published in recent years that are compromised by arbitrary selection of sources and unbalanced views. Leaving those unconsidered, the aggregated scientific knowledge shows that tobacco additives have only occasional and limited effects on cigarette mainstream smoke composition, which are almost never reflected in the results of toxicological in vitro assays or in vivo studies. This supports the conclusion that tobacco additives are not likely to increase the known health risks of smoking. There is also no evidence for sustaining claims that certain additives increase nicotine availability or nicotine addictiveness.

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Kapillargaschromatographische Bestimmung flüchtiger und tabakspezifischer N-Nitrosamine mittels des Thermo-Energy-Analyzers

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Tobacco-Specific and Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Environmental Tobacco Smoke of Offices

Tobacco-Specific and Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Environmental Tobacco Smoke of Offices

Tobacco-Specific and Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Environmental Tobacco Smoke of Offices

Influence of Additives on Cigarette Related Health Risks

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