Tobacco-Specific and Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Environmental Tobacco Smoke of Offices

Abstract

The tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK) as well as the volatile N-nitrosamines N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) were determined in the indoor air of a poorly ventilated office where extensive smoking took place. Under these conditions, moderate to heavy smoking resulted in indoor air concentrations of 7.6-20.0 ppm carbon monoxide, 109-290 ppb nitrogen oxides and 58.5-132 μg/m^3 nicotine. The N-nitrosamine concentrationes were (in nanograms/cubic meter): not detected (nd)-6.0 NNN, nd-13.5NNK, 7.9-45.0 NDMA and 3.5-27.0 ng/m^3 NPYR. Occupation of the office by a nonsmoker for 1 h would result in a maximum exposure to 0.01 pg TSNA and 0.03 pg volatile N-nitrosamines.

Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Sampling, Analysis, Emission Factors, and Indoor Air Exposures

“…Although there is evidence of widespread indoor exposures to VNA from ETS (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), most reported data are not sufficiently complete to infer the distribution of exposures for the general population. For example, available indoor concentration measurements are limited to a few high exposure situations, and because other measurements such as air exchange rates were not made simultaneously, emission factors cannot be inferred for extrapolation to other indoor settings or smoking rates (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

“…Although there is evidence of widespread indoor exposures to VNA from ETS (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), most reported data are not sufficiently complete to infer the distribution of exposures for the general population. For example, available indoor concentration measurements are limited to a few high exposure situations, and because other measurements such as air exchange rates were not made simultaneously, emission factors cannot be inferred for extrapolation to other indoor settings or smoking rates (7)(8)(9)(10). In addition, because of changes in recent years in the cigarette manufacturing process to reduce tar in mainstream smoke, e.g., the use of more reconstituted tobacco, the emission factors for VNA reported in the older literature may differ from those for cigarettes currently on the market.…”

“…a CV ) coefficient of variation ) [SD × 100]/average. 14809 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / VOL. 30, NO 5,.…”

Determination of N-nitrosomethylaniline and methylaniline in the gas phase

“…Mainly N-nitrosodimethylamine is detected, but also NMA occurs in rubber industries dependent on the accelerators used [10]. In tobacco smoke nitroso derivatives of alkaloids are reported [11].…”