Kalaja e Shkodrës

Hoxha, Gëzim; Lahi, Bashkim

doi:10.3406/iliri.1986.1998

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…By heredity we mean that one family has a predisposition for the appearance of caries compared to the other. In contrast to it, there are families where the caries percentage coefficient is much smaller, which is justified by genetic factors [13].…”

Section: Hereditymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Numerous findings indicate that women tend to experience a higher burden of dental caries, possibly due to hormonal changes leading to increased viscosity and reduced saliva production. The average pH of women's saliva is lower than that of men, 7.2 and 7.5, respectively [13]. Studies consistently show that females, across different age groups, are at a higher risk of and experience more carious lesions than males.…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age of 5 to 8 years is characterized by a higher percentage of caries, and then it rapidly declines with the eruption of permanent teeth. The period of adolescence (13-20 years old) is again considered as a period with more caries, which is followed by stabilization until the age of 40-50 years, where caries is combined with periodontopathy [13].…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research shows that the appearance of caries is directly dependent on the presence of secretory immunoglobulin IgA in saliva. The amount of IgA less than 14.2 mg/100 ml in saliva enables the rapid development of Streptococus mutans, one of the most dangerous causes for the appearance of caries [13].…”

Section: Imunological Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etiopathogenesis of Dental Caries

Barani-Sveçla,

Buleshkaj

2024

Dentistry

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Dental caries, as a pervasive and complex global health issue affecting individuals of all ages, is influenced by a multitude of factors. These factors encompass the interplay of demineralization and remineralization processes, dietary and oral hygiene practices, salivary composition and flow, tooth morphology, genetics, fluoride exposure, and environmental and socioeconomic variables. This chapter analyzes three categories of factors that cause dental caries, such as: general, local, and iatrogenic factors. Initially, the genetic predisposition, gender-related hormonal fluctuations, aging, immunological elements, pregnancy-related changes, chronic diseases, hormonal disorders, vitamin levels, and socioeconomic factors are included in general factors that contribute to the susceptibility to dental caries. Moreover, to understand and mitigate caries risk, it is pivotal to analyze local factors such as dental morphology, oral hygiene, and the vital role of saliva. Additionally, premature loss of primary teeth, crowding, orthodontic treatment, dental fillings, and prosthetic dental work can lead to iatrogenic issues affecting oral health. Recognizing the multifaceted nature of dental caries, susceptibility underscores the necessity for comprehensive strategies in oral health care. Therefore, this chapter underlines that proper oral care, preventive measures, and meticulous attention during dental procedures are paramount for maintaining optimal oral health.

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Section: Hereditymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imunological Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etiopathogenesis of Dental Caries

Barani-Sveçla,

Buleshkaj

2024

Dentistry

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“…This argument was based on the ratio of forces, which were smaller compared to the Soviet forces. Thus, Enver Hoxha's ideological assertion that "the Anglo-American contribution to the war was much smaller than that of the Soviet Union" also became a myth (Hoxha, 1968). The Anglo-American missions were never appreciated for achieving the strategic objective of liberating the country (Kera, 2017, p.372).…”

Section: The War Of the Allies Through The Lens Of Communist Military...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Political Abuse of Military History in Albania During Communism

Smaçi¹

2023

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Research in Humanities and Social Sciences

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The main focus of this paper is to analyse the abuse of military history for political purposes during the communist era in Albania. As a sub-discipline of general history, military history has always been one of the most essential subjects in military education. To support this hypothesis, there were used documents from the Central Archive of the Armed Forces ** of Albania and Military History Department which testify to the most important developements regarding the national and international military history. The method applied in this paper is the comparative approach highlighting the ideological context. Deliberate distortion was an effective strategy to indoctrinate young officers with Marxist ideology and national communism. In addition, by analysing some of the military art texts used in the Military Academy of Albania before the 90s, it turns out that a large number of them were presented in a one-sided manner. The phenomenon was common to the military events that took place in Albania, especially during the Second World War, including the occurrences in the Western camp. Hence, the analysis focuses on facts that enable any military historian to comprehend this delicate subject matter, concerning its impact on the army and society, as a whole. To summarize, a partial military history can serve an authoritarian regime to propagate their version of history rather than the truth. One such example is the military history written in Albania during the communist period, which is the case study of this paper.

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(Un)margin the Shkodra’s gate / An opportunity to regenerate an important landmark

Shtylla

2018

OMB-PhD Series

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The Shkodra’s gate is located in the southernmost point of the city, where there is the confluence of Buna, Kiri and Drini Rivers. This gate is not a simple access to the most import city of the North, but the Albania’s main gate, towards northern and central Europe. The countless postcards produced through the years, mark its importance by figuring the two main symbols of this landmark: the Rozafa’s castle, positioned in a very strategic point at the top and the Buna’s river that springs from Shkodra’s Lake. During the 19th century, its strategical position and the navigability of the Buna’s river, encouraged the creation of city’s harbor, tied Shkodra economically with many European harbor cities of the Adriatic basin such as Venice, that lately encouraged the concentration of many small artisanal enterprises and birth of the local market, too. During Socialism, the centralized economic model implemented in the country banned private activities because of being in contrast with the ideology of the regime and it couldn’t be different in Shkodra where the harbor, the local market and the surrounding buildings were blown away, erasing an important piece of history. Nowadays, this area isn’t in a good condition because of the constant flood risk and the abandoned building that were expected to host economic activities are a clear demonstration of the lack of attention and investments from the public administration and the central government. The so called “bypass”, supposed to act as dike to prevent floods, is no less than a huge amount of gravel placed in the limit of the city. Despite suffering this quasi-miserable condition, a regeneration is vital to rebirth the lost identity and to assure protection from floods. The project proposal doesn’t consist in the (re) building of a new harbor, as an attempt to restore the lost memory, but as part of a series of interventions to protect the city from the lake’s and Buna’s river behavior during their peaks also aiming to preserve and improve further the relation between them and the city.

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Kalaja e Shkodrës

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Etiopathogenesis of Dental Caries

Etiopathogenesis of Dental Caries

The Political Abuse of Military History in Albania During Communism

(Un)margin the Shkodra’s gate / An opportunity to regenerate an important landmark

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