Etiopathogenesis of Dental Caries

Abstract

Dental caries, as a pervasive and complex global health issue affecting individuals of all ages, is influenced by a multitude of factors. These factors encompass the interplay of demineralization and remineralization processes, dietary and oral hygiene practices, salivary composition and flow, tooth morphology, genetics, fluoride exposure, and environmental and socioeconomic variables. This chapter analyzes three categories of factors that cause dental caries, such as: general, local, and iatrogenic factors. Initially, the genetic predisposition, gender-related hormonal fluctuations, aging, immunological elements, pregnancy-related changes, chronic diseases, hormonal disorders, vitamin levels, and socioeconomic factors are included in general factors that contribute to the susceptibility to dental caries. Moreover, to understand and mitigate caries risk, it is pivotal to analyze local factors such as dental morphology, oral hygiene, and the vital role of saliva. Additionally, premature loss of primary teeth, crowding, orthodontic treatment, dental fillings, and prosthetic dental work can lead to iatrogenic issues affecting oral health. Recognizing the multifaceted nature of dental caries, susceptibility underscores the necessity for comprehensive strategies in oral health care. Therefore, this chapter underlines that proper oral care, preventive measures, and meticulous attention during dental procedures are paramount for maintaining optimal oral health.