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doi:10.1002/adma.v18:23

Cited by 9 publications

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“…1-3 Multiferroic hexagonal manganites have attracted much interest because of their promising properties and potential applications. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Hexagonal RMnO 3 (R ¼ rare earth) have ferroelectric properties with fairly large remnant polarization and quite high Curie temperature (T C ), typically above 590 K. Hexagonal RMnO 3 also exhibit antiferromagnetic behaviors, with Néel temperature (T N ) of 70-120 K. Below T N , the antiferromagnetic exchange between Mn moments leads to their 120 ordering in the basal a-b plane. 15,16 The in-plane (a-b plane) antiferromagnetic exchange is the dominant spin exchange interaction, while the inter-plane exchange interaction is about two orders of magnitude weaker, 17,18 which often be considered negligible.…”

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Spin exchange interactions in hexagonal manganites RMnO3 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) epitaxial thin films

Chen

Hiền

Lee

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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“…[8][9][10][11][12] Note that in the bulk form, TbMnO 3 and DyMnO 3 are in orthorhombic phases. We used the epistabilization technique to convert these materials into hexagonal form.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spin exchange interactions in hexagonal manganites RMnO3 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) epitaxial thin films

Chen

Hiền

Lee

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Lee et al previously reported the use of PDMS as an antisticking layer. 11 In their study, they used an aminosilane grafted hard/soft mold to react with monoglycidyl ether-terminated a) Electronic mail: m.okada@lasti.u-hyogo.ac.jp PDMS. In our case, we eliminated the need to modify the mold surface by using trimethylsilyl-terminated PDMS.…”

Section: A Coating Process and Water Contact Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of thin poly(dimethylsiloxane) as an antisticking layer for UV nanoimprinting

Okada

Haruyama

Kanda

et al. 2011

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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“…Li ion insertion at a sufficiently low rate will allow the system to be in equilibrium; however, faster insertion may lead to a kineticallyinduced nonequilibrium phase transformation, as seen in the spinel Li 4þx Ti 5 O 12 . 7 The kinetically-induced nonequilibrium phase transformation can be illustrated by Fig. 1.…”

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Nonequilibrium Phase Transformation and Particle Shape Effect in LiFePO4 Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Liu

Siddique

Mukherjee

2011

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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The nonequilibrium phase transformation and particle shape effects in LiFePO 4 materials of Li-ion batteries are explored in this work. A continuum model employing the "mushy-zone" (MZ) approach, accounting for sluggish Li diffusion across the two-phase boundary, has been developed to study the kinetically-induced nonequilibrium phenomenon in Li-ion batteries. A theoretical analysis is presented to show that the nonequilibrium miscibility gap expands and shifts to higher Li composition at high discharge rates, due to insufficient compositional readjustments at the two-phase boundary. Furthermore, critical effects of particle shape on nonequilibrium phase transformation and discharge capacity have been discovered by the model.The demand for Li-ion batteries as power sources in transportation and future energy landscape requires significant breakthroughs in materials and design as well as fundamental understanding of particle-level mechanism. The phase transformation across the miscibility gap between the Li-rich phase, b (e.g., LiFePO 4 ) and the Li-deficient phase, a (e.g., FePO 4 ) has been demonstrated to play a critical role in the rate performance of cathode materials, such as Mn þ2 -doped LiFePO 4 1 and nanosize LiFePO 4 . 2,3 Reduction of particle size and partial substitution of Fe in LiFePO 4 by Mn þ2 have been found to shrink the miscibility gap, i.e., to increase the solid solution range. Furthermore, the miscibility (either equilibrium or nonequilibrium) relies not only on particle size 3 and temperature, 4 but also surface coatings 5 and particle geometries. 6 Additionally, phase separation also depends on the timescale of Li insertion. Li ion insertion at a sufficiently low rate will allow the system to be in equilibrium; however, faster insertion may lead to a kineticallyinduced nonequilibrium phase transformation, as seen in the spinel Li 4þx Ti 5 O 12 . 7 The kinetically-induced nonequilibrium phase transformation can be illustrated by Fig. 1. At a low-rate discharge (e.g., C/10 in Fig. 1a), a flat plateau appears at around 3.5 V for a LiFePO 4 -based cathode, corresponding to the two-phase region in the equilibrium phase diagram (Fig. 1b). This equilibrium phase separation, as shown by the red curve in Fig. 1b, is realized by Li ion diffusion and readjustments in composition at the two-phase interfaces. However, at a high-rate discharge (e.g., 20 C in Fig. 1a) the flat plateau may disappear and is instead replaced with a fast decaying curve. 8,9 These phenomena are more pronounced at lower temperature where Li diffusion is retarded. 10 It is hypothesized that a nonequilibrium phase transformation occurs during fast discharge, where the nonequilibrium miscibility gap shifts to higher Li contents and is represented by the dashed blue line in Fig. 1b. The implication of this phenomenon is that the nonequilibrium miscibility gap is significantly expanded, leading to significant reduction in two-phase solubility and battery discharge capacity.This work is to explore numerically the nature of the noneq...

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Cited by 9 publications

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Spin exchange interactions in hexagonal manganites RMnO3 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) epitaxial thin films

Spin exchange interactions in hexagonal manganites RMnO3 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) epitaxial thin films

Suitability of thin poly(dimethylsiloxane) as an antisticking layer for UV nanoimprinting

Nonequilibrium Phase Transformation and Particle Shape Effect in LiFePO4 Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

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